微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细

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1、-微观经济学名词解释Chapter1businesscycle经济周期fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproductioneconomics经济学;经济，国家的经济状况thestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarce缺乏的，罕见的resourcesefficiencyn.功效;效率，效能;实力，能力;[物]性能;thepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarceresourcesequalityn.同等，平等;[数]相等，等

2、式;thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityuniformlyamongthemembersofsocietyexternality[,ekstɜː'nælɪtɪ]外部性theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander旁观者;局外人;看热闹的人incentivesomethingthatinducesapersontoactInflation[ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n]anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpric

3、esintheeconomymarginalchangessmallincremental增加的adjustmentstoaplanofactionmarketeconomyaneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralized权力分散;人口疏散;密度分散;decisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsastheyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservicesmarketfailureasituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailsto

4、allocate分配，分派;把…拨给;英[ˈæləkeɪt]resourcesefficientlymarketpowertheabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketpricesopportunitycostwhatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitemproductivitythequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachunitoflaborinputproper

5、tyrightstheabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresourcesrationalpeoplepeoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectivesscarcitythelimitednatureofsociety’sresources-Chapter2circular-flowdiagramavisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowt

6、hroughmarketsamonghouseholds家庭;家庭，户andfirmsmacroeconomics[,mækrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪks;-ek-]thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowthmicroeconomics[,maɪkrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪksthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarketsnormative['nɔːmətɪv

7、]标准的statementsclaimsthatattempttoprescribe定，规定;指定，规定;美[prɪˈskraɪb]howtheworldshouldbepositivestatementsclaimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitisproductionpossibilitiesfrontier['frʌntɪə）agraphthatshowsthecombinationsofoutputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactor