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1、Thesummaryof“thewelfarestatesysteminIndiaFormostpeopleinthewesternworld,Indiarepresentsstillamysticalcountry.ThisarticletriestoanalyzethewelfarestatesysteminIndiabasedonsociety,culture,politics,and,ofcourse,theeconomyofIndiaintheyearstocome,thoughIndia
2、isasocomplexcountrythatwithdifferentreligions,languages,scripts,ethnicvariety,andscatteredpoliticallandscapeofIndia.Ontheotherhand,itisimportanttoseparatethenotionofthetraditional“welfarestate”fromtheIndianwesternsocio-culturalwelfarestate.Sotheauthorh
3、ereputsforwardthefollowingdefinitionofawelfarestateorwelfarestatesystem:itisthesumofallgovernmentalregulationsandprovisionsthataimtheenhancementofpeople’slivingconditions;heretheauthorincludes:laws,regulation,andplanninginthefieldsofemployment,taxation
4、,socialinsuranceandsocialassistance,healthcare,education,housing,andpopulationpolicy.(cfAspalter,2001,2002b:11).ThePoliticalHistoryoftheWelfareStateSystemDuringColonialRule:DuringthetimeofBritishcolonialruleinIndia,fromtheearly19thcenturyuntiltheyearof
5、India’sindependence-1947-thewelfare-politicsarenaofIndiahasseentheformationofalotofsocialmovements,andwhichsharplydividedsocialclasses.Lateron,Religiouscommunitiesofthattimewhobitterlyopposedtheexistingdistressingstateofsocialaffairs.Ontheotherhand,the
6、politicalclimateofthe19thand20thcenturyinIndialeftenoughroomforthecreationofthefirstsocial/socio-religiouswelfaremovementsandthepoliticalagitationofindividualsocialreformers,someofwhomaccomplishedtheinitiationofanewsocialmovement.Andthesesocialactivist
7、s‘effortsresultinanumberofveryimportantpiecesofsocialandlaborlegislation,whichaimedatthealterationofharmfulsocialpracticesandsocialinequalities,aswellasfirstprovisionsinsocialsecurity.Oneofthemostimportantwelfareregulationsofthegovernmentwastherearrang
8、ementofmarriagepracticesbylaw,whichawfullysuppresswomen.Soanewprovidedformonogamybecameeffective.However,intermarriagesbetweendifferent“castes”werestilltabooduetoancientcustom.Thoughonedecadelater,anotherreformerattempttolegalizethis,bu
