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1、（外文翻译）英文翻译4Sheetmetalformingandblanking4.1Principlesofdiemanufacture4.1.1ClassificationofdiesInmetalforming,thegeometryoftheworkpieceisestablishedentirelyorpartiallybythegeometryofthedie.Incontrasttomachiningprocesses,ignificantlygreaterforcesarenecessary
2、informing.Duetothecomplexityoftheparts,formingisoftennotcarriedoutinasingleoperation.Dependingonthegeometryofthepart,productioniscarriedoutinseveraloperationalstepsviaoneorseveralproductionprocessessuchasformingorblanking.Oneoperationcanalsoincludeseveral
3、processessimultaneously(cf.Sect.2.1.4).Duringthedesignphase,thenecessarymanufacturingmethodsaswellasthesequenceandnumberofproductionstepsareestablishedinaprocessingplan(Fig.4.1.1).Inthisplan,theavailabilityofmachines,theplannedproductionvolumesofthepartan
4、dotherboundaryconditionsaretakenintoaccount.Theaimistominimizethenumberofdiestobeusedwhilekeepingupahighlevelofoperationalreliability.ThepartsaregreatlysimplifiedrightfromtheirdesignstagebyclosecollaborationbetweenthePartDesignandProductionDepartmentsinor
5、dertoenableseveralformingandrelatedblankingprocessestobecarriedoutinoneformingstation.Obviously,themoreoperationswhichareintegratedintoasingledie,themorecomplexthestructureofthediebecomes.Theconsequencesarehighercosts,adecreaseinoutputandalowerreliability
6、.57（外文翻译）Fig.4.1.1ProductionstepsforthemanufactureofanoilsumpTypesofdiesThetypeofdieandthecloselyrelatedtransportationofthepartbetweendiesisdeterminedinaccordancewiththeformingprocedure,thesizeofthepartinquestionandtheproductionvolumeofpartstobeproduced.T
7、heproductionoflargesheetmetalpartsiscarriedoutalmostexclusivelyusingsinglesetsofdies.Typicalpartscanbefoundinautomotivemanufacture,thedomesticapplianceindustryandradiatorproduction.Suitabletransfersystems,forexamplevacuumsuctionsystems,allowtheinstallatio
8、nofdouble-actiondiesinasufficientlylargemountingarea.Inthisway,forexample,therightandleftdoorsofacarcanbeformedjointlyinoneworkingstroke(cf.Fig.4.4.34).Largesizesinglediesareinstalledinlargepresses.Thetransportation
