大学毕业论文---无形资产管理、计量和呈报外文翻译.doc

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文题目Intangibles:Management,Measurement,andReporting外文出处TheBrookingsInstitution外文作者BaruchLevIntangibles:Management,Measurement,andReportingR&DandtheGrowthofBusinessEnterprisesThecontributionofR&Dtotheperformancemeasure(profits,sales)statisticallytoR&Dexpenditures–inthecu

2、rrentandpreviousperiodstoallowforthedelayedeffectofR&Donbusinessperformance–andbycontrollingfortheeffectofotherinvestments(physicalassets)onbusinessperformance.Thisstatisticalapproachtoempiricallyaddressissuesconcerningintangiblesandtheirprivateandsocialimpactwasfrequentlyusedbyecono

3、mistsandresearchersinrelatedareas.Theempiricalworkedstartedwithextensivehistoricalcasestudiesandproceededtolargesample(cross-sectional)analysesofR&Donfirms’productivityandgrowth.Theresearcheffortyieldedseveralimportantfindings:---R&Dexpenditurescontributesignificantlytotheproductivit

4、y(valueadded)andoutputoffirms,andtheestimatedratesofreturnonR&Dinvestmentarequitehigh—asmuchas—20-35percentannually–withtheestimatesvaryingwidelyacrossindustriesandovertime.---Thecontributionofbasicresearch(workaimedatdevelopingnewscienceandtechnology)tocorporateproductivityandgrowth

5、issubstantiallylargerthanthecontributionofothertypesofR&D,suchasproductdevelopmentandprocessR&D(wherethelatterisaimedatenhancingtheefficiencyofproductionprocesses).Theestimatedcontributiondifferentialofapproximatelythreetooneinfavorofbasicresearchisparticularlyintriguing,giventhewide

6、spreadbeliefthatpubliccompanieshavebeenrecentlycurtailingexpendituresonbasicresearch,inpartasaresponsetotheskepticismofmanyfinancialanalystsandinstitutionalinvestorsaboutthecommercializationprospectsofbasicresearch.Basicresearchis,ofcourse,moreriskythanappliedR&D(seechapter2),butitis

7、inconceivablethatriskdifferentialsbythemselvesaccountforathree-to-oneproductivityofbasicresearch.---Thecontributionofcorporate-financedR&Dtoproductivitygrowthislargerthancorporate-based–butgovernment-financed—R&D(grantedprimarilytogovernmentcontractors).Thefactthatmostcontractswithth

8、egovernmenta