医学部编辑笔试考题

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1、医学部编辑笔试考题一.英译中（四选一）1．Morethan35millionpeopleworldwide—5.5millionintheUnitedStates—haveAlzheimer'sdisease,adeteriorationofmemoryandothercognitivedomainsthatleadstodeathwithin3to9yearsafterdiagnosis.Alzheimer'sdiseaseisthemostcommonformofdementia,accountingfo

2、r50to56%ofcasesatautopsyandinclinicalseries.Alzheimer'sdiseasecombinedwithintracerebralvasculardiseaseaccountsforanother13to17%ofcases.TheprincipalriskfactorforAlzheimer'sdiseaseisage.Theincidenceofthediseasedoublesevery5yearsafter65yearsofage,withthediagno

3、sisof1275newcasesperyearper100,000personsolderthan65yearsofage.DataoncentenariansshowthatAlzheimer'sdiseaseisnotnecessarilytheoutcomeofaging;nevertheless,theoddsofreceivingthediagnosisofAlzheimer'sdiseaseafter85yearsofageexceedoneinthree.Astheagingpopulatio

4、nincreases,theprevalencewillapproach13.2to16.0millioncasesintheUnitedStatesbymid-century.2．Depositionofcalciumphosphatecrystalsinsofttissuesiscommoninhyperphosphatemiaandanimalmodelsofdecreasedurinaryphosphateexcretionandisauniversalfeatureofhyperphosphatem

5、iawithanormalorincreasedserumcalciumconcentration.Adirectroleofhyperphosphatemiaincalcificationhasbeenquestioned,becausehyperphosphatemiaandhighplasmacalcitriolconcentrationsfrequentlycoincide.Toaddressthisquestion,Stubbsetal.fedmicewithhyperphosphatemiaaph

6、osphate-deficientdiet.Thereturnoftheserumphosphateconcentrationtoanormallevelpreventedvascularcalcificationsandanincreasedrateofdeathamongtheanimals,substantiatingtheviewthathyperphosphatemiaitselfistoxic.3．Economistshavemethodsofchartingtherelativebenefits

7、ofanynewtherapybycomparingbothitscostsanditsefficacywiththoseofexistingtreatments—bymeansoftheso-calledcost-effectivenessplane.Suchanapproachcouldbemodifiedtoassessthecost-effectivenessofpreviouslyestablishedchemotherapyregimens—forexample,forbreastcancer,t

8、hecombinationoforalcyclophosphamide,methotrexate,andfluorouracilversussingle-agentintravenousdoxorubicinorpaclitaxel;orforBurkitt'slymphoma,single-agentcyclophosphamideversuscomplexcombinationtherapy.P