美国文化概况terms终极版

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1、Chapter1–Introduction:1.ThomasJefferson:thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andtheprincipalauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence(1776).AninfluentialFoundingFather,JeffersonenvisionedAmericaasagreat"EmpireofLiberty"thatwouldpromoterepublicanism.2.Boston

2、TeaParty:wasadirectactionbycolonistsinBostonagainsttheBritishgovernmentandthemonopolisticEastIndiaCompanythatcontrolledalltheteacomingintothecolonies.OnDecember16,1773,afterofficialsinBostonrefusedtoreturnthreeshiploadsoftaxedteatoBritain,agroupofcol

3、onistsboardedtheshipsanddestroyedtheteabythrowingitintoBostonHarbor.TheTeaPartywastheculminationofaresistancemovementthroughoutBritishAmericaagainsttheTeaAct,whichhadbeenpassedbytheBritishParliamentin1773.TheBostonTeaPartywasakeyeventinthegrowthofthe

4、AmericanRevolution.3.Slavery:wasaformofunfreelaborwhichexistedasalegalinstitutioninNorthAmericaformorethanacenturybeforethefoundingoftheUnitedStatesin1776,andcontinuedmostlyintheSouthuntilthepassageoftheThirteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutio

5、nin1865.4.CivilWar:ElevenSouthernslavestatesdeclaredtheirsecessionfromtheUnitedStatesandformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica,alsoknownas"theConfederacy".ThesouthernstatesfearedslaverywouldbeabolishedandtheenergyoftheNorthwouldthreatentheeconomicindepe

6、ndenceoftheSouth.Lincolntookthepositionthatsecessionwasillegalandarejectionofdemocracy.ThesecessionalsopromptedanoutburstofpatrioticindignationintheNorth.Thus,CivilWarwasfoughttopreservetheUnion.ThenorthernvictoryrestoredtheUnionandhelpedtoquickenAme

7、rica'stransformationintoamodernnation.5.AbrahamLincoln:wasthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Aspresident,heledthecountrythroughagreatconstitutional,militaryandmoralcrisis—theAmericanCivilWar—preservingtheUnionwhileendingslaveryandpromotingeconomicandf

8、inancialmodernization.6.GildedAge:HistoriansrefertotheyearsbetweentheCivilWarandthestartofthe20thcenturyastheGildedAge,borrowingthetitleofan1873novelbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarner.TheGildedAgewasaneraofindustrialgiants,ofbusinesspeoplewhoencounter