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1、computerlaw&securityreview29(2013)676e688Open-sourceintelligenceandprivacybydesignab,caBert-JaapKoops,Jaap-HenkHoepman,RonaldLeenesaTILTeTilburgInstituteforLaw,Technology,andSociety,TilburgUniversity,POBox90153,5000LETilburg,TheNetherlandsbTNO,TheNetherlandscRadboudUniversityNijmegen,TheNetherland
2、sabstractKeywords:Asdemonstratedbyotherpapersonthisissue,open-sourceintelligence(OSINT)bystateOSINTauthoritiesposeschallengesforprivacyprotectionandintellectual-propertyenforce-Opensourcesment.ApossiblestrategytoaddressthesechallengesistoadaptthedesignofOSINTSocialnetworkingtoolstoembednormativere
3、quirements,inparticularlegalrequirements.Theexperi-PrivacybydesignenceoftheVIRTUOSOplatformwillbeusedtoillustratethisstrategy.Ideally,theTechno-regulationtechnicaldevelopmentprocessofOSINTtoolsiscombinedwithlegalandethicalsafe-Policymark-uplanguageguardsinsuchawaythattheresultingproductshavealegal
4、lycompliantdesign,areRevocableprivacyacceptablewithinsociety(socialembedding),andatthesametimemeetinasufficientlyflexiblewaythevaryingrequirementsofdifferentend-usergroups.Thispaperusestheanalyticframeworkofprivacydesignstrategies(minimise,separate,aggregate,hide,inform,control,enforce,anddemonstrat
5、e),arguingthattwoapproachesforembeddinglegalcomplianceseempromisingtoexploreinparticular.Oneapproachistheconceptofrevocableprivacywithspreadresponsibility.Theotherapproachusesapolicymark-uplanguagetodefineEnterprisePrivacyPolicies,whichdetermineappropriatedatahandling.Bothapproachesaretestedagainst
6、threerequirementsthatseemparticularlysuitablefora‘compliancebydesign’approachinOSINT:purposespecification;collectionanduselimitationanddataminimisation;anddataquality(up-to-dateness).Foreachrequirement,thepaperanalyseswhetherandtowhatextenttheapproachcouldworktobuildintherequirementinthesystem.Thep
7、aperconcludesthatlegalrequirementscannotbeembeddedfullyinOSINTsystems.However,itispossibletoembedfunctionalitiesthatfacilitatecomplianceinallowingend-userstodeterminetowhatextenttheyadopta‘privacy-by-design’appro
