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1、JSPAPPLICATIONFRAMEWORKS1WHATAREAPPLICATIONFRAMEWORKSAframeworkisareusable,semi-completeapplicationthatcanbespecializedtoproducecustomapplications[Johnson].Likepeople,softwareapplicationsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent.Theyrunonthesamecomputers,expectinputfromthes
2、amedevices,outputtothesamedisplays,andsavedatatothesameharddisks.Developersworkingonconventionaldesktopapplicationsareaccustomedtotoolkitsanddevelopmentenvironmentsthatleveragethesamenessbetweenapplications.Applicationframeworksbuildonthiscommongroundtoprovidedevel
3、operswithareusablestructurethatcanserveasthefoundationfortheirownproducts.Aframeworkprovidesdeveloperswithasetofbackbonecomponentsthathavethefollowingcharacteristics:Frameworksaretheclassicbuild-versus-buyproposition.Ifyoubuildit,youwillunderstanditwhenyouaredone—b
4、uthowlongwillitbebeforeyoucanrollyourown?Ifyoubuyit,youwillhavetoclimbthelearningcurve—andhowlongisthatgoingtotake?Thereisnorightanswerhere,butmostobserverswouldagreethatframeworkssuchasStrutsprovideasignificantreturnoninvestmentcomparedtostartingfromscratch,especi
5、allyforlargerprojects.2OTHERTYPESOFFRAMEWORKSTheideaofaframeworkappliesnotonlytoapplicationsbuttoapplicationcomponentsaswell.Throughoutthisarticle,weintroduceothertypesofframeworksthatyoucanusewithStruts.TheseincludetheLucenesearchengine,theScaffoldtoolkit,theStrut
6、svalidator,andtheTilestaglibrary.Likeapplicationframeworks,thesetoolsprovidesemi-completeversionsofasubsystemthatcanbespecializedtoprovideacustomcomponent.Someframeworkshavebeenlinkedtoaproprietarydevelopmentenvironment.ThisisnotthecasewithStrutsoranyoftheotherfram
7、eworksshowninthisbook.YoucanuseanydevelopmentenvironmentwithStruts:VisualAgeforJava,JBuilder,Eclipse,Emacs,andTextpadareallpopularchoicesamongStrutsdevelopers.IfyoucanuseitwithJava,youcanuseitwithStruts.133ENABLINGTECHNOLPGIESApplicationsdevelopedwithStrutsarebased
8、onanumberofenablingtechnologies.ThesecomponentsarenotspecifictoStrutsandunderlieeveryJavawebapplication.AreasonthatdevelopersuseframeworkslikeStr
