资源描述：
《Chapter 43 – Esophagus》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、CHAPTER43ESOPHAGUSMaryS.Maishdiscoveredin1862byEdwinSmith,describedthesuccessfulhistoryandeducationtreatmentof“agapingwoundofthethroatpenetratingtheembryologygullet.”Attheturnofthecentury,thereweresignificantanatomyimprovementsinanesthesiathatallowedforthegrowthofphysiologysurger
2、yinmanyareas,includingsurgeryoftheesophagus.Inneuromusculardisordersoftheesophagus1901,Dobromysslowperformedthefirstintrathoracicsegmen-diseasesoftheesophagustalesophagealresectionandprimaryanastomosis,butitwasacquiredesophagealconditionsFranzTorekwhopioneeredthefirstsubtotalesop
3、hagogastrec-benigntumorsandcyststomyin1913.TheuseofthestomachtoreplacetheesophaguscarcinomaoftheesophaguswasfirstattemptedbyLeipzinin1920andsuccessfullyaccom-plishedbyOshavain1933.Anumberofmodificationsunusualmalignantesophagealtumorsoccurredoverthenext40years,includingchangesina
4、pproach,conclusionanastomosis,andconduits.IvorLewis(1946)modifiedtheapproachbyenteringtherightchest,andMcKewonplacedtheanastomosisinthenecktoeliminateintrathoracicleaks.TheesophagusistheonlyorganthatnavigatesthroughthreeAlthoughthetranshiatalapproachhadbeenattempted,itwas1bodycav
5、itiesunobtrusivelywhilegivingwaytostructuresofnotwellestablisheduntil1978,whenOrringerandSloanres-greatervitality.Fromadistance,theesophagusappearsprimitiveurrectedandperfectedthisoperation,whichhadbeenandnothighlyevolved,evenreplaceableattimes.However,onattemptedbymanybeforethem
6、.harsherscrutiny,itisclearthatthismagnificentorganstandstallOtheresophagealsurgeriesevolvedinasimilartimeframe,asitbridgestwodiverseenvironments.Muchliketheengineer-includingthoseforachalasia,reflux,anddiverticula.Thesepro-ingfeatsofthesteelandconcretestructureswewalkanddrivecedu
7、resstillbearthenamesofhistoricallyfamoussurgeons,suchacross,theesophagushasevolvedwithreliability.Thismaster-asDor,Heller,Toupet,Belsey,andNissen.Alongwiththesur-fullyengineeredorganperformsamultitudeofcomplexfunc-geonswhosenimblefingersandbraveheartshaveestablishedtionswithconse
8、rvativegraceinaneighborhoodofhistrionic,
