ch166covalentbondingandnomenclature：ch166的共价键和命名

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1、Pre-APChemistryCh6Bonding1.TheOctetRuleinCovalentBonding–Whatistheresultofelectronsharingincovalentbonds?–Incovalentbonds,electronsharingusuallyoccurssothatatomsattaintheelectronconfigurationsofnoblegases.•Howdoelectrondotstructuresrepresentsharedelectrons?

2、•Twoatomsheldtogetherbysharingapairofelectronsarejoinedbyasinglecovalentbond.SingleCovalentBonds•AnelectrondotstructuresuchasH:Hrepresentsthesharedpairofelectronsofthecovalentbondbytwodots.–Astructuralformularepresentsthecovalentbondsbydashesandshowsthearra

3、ngementofcovalentlybondedatoms.H–H–Sharedpair:bondingpairofelectrons–Unsharedpair:nonbondingpairofelectrons2.DrawingElectronDotStructures1.Drawsymbolswithdotsforvalenceelectrons.Remembertoputonedotpersideandmovearoundthesymbol.2.Forouterleveltobefull,“lasso

4、”orjoinunpairedelectronsfromdifferentatomstoshowbondbetweenthem.3.Rewritesymbolswithlinestorepresentcovalentbonds.Doublebondshave2lines,triplebondshave3lines.4.Showunsharedpairsasdotsonfinalstructure.5.Doublecheckthateachatomhasafulloctet(orduetforH)inouter

5、level.SingleCovalentBonds•Thehalogensformsinglecovalentbondsintheirdiatomicmolecules.Fluorineisoneexample.Noticetheunsharedpairsofelectrons(dots)inthestructuralformula.15SingleCovalentBonds•Thehydrogenandoxygenatomsattainnoble-gasconfigurationsbysharingelec

6、trons.SingleCovalentBonds•Theammoniamoleculehasoneunsharedpairofelectrons.SingleCovalentBonds•Methanehasnounsharedpairsofelectrons.15DoubleandTripleCovalentBonds–Howdoatomsformdoubleortriplecovalentbonds?•Abondthatinvolvestwosharedpairsofelectronsisadoublec

7、ovalentbond.•Abondformedbysharingthreepairsofelectronsisatriplecovalentbond.•Eachoxygenatomhastwounsharedpairsofelectrons.DoubleandTripleCovalentBonds•Carbondioxidegasissolubleinwaterandisusedtocarbonatemanybeverages.Acarbondioxidemoleculehastwocarbon-oxyge

8、ndoublebonds.3.DiatomicElementsThereare7elementsthatalmostalwaysexistin2atommoleculeswhenalone.Bysharingouterlevelelectronstheybecomestable.MEMORIZETHESE!!BrINClHOFformBr2I2N2Cl2H2O2F24.CoordinateCoval