蜗壳及尾水管的水力计算

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1、.第二章蜗壳及尾水管的水力计算第1节蜗壳水力计算一.蜗壳尺寸确定水轮机的引水室是水流进入水轮机的第一个部件，是反击式水轮机的重要组成部分。引水室的作用是将水流顺畅且轴对称的引向导水机构。引水室有开敞式、罐式和蜗壳式三种。蜗壳式是反击式水轮机中应用最普遍的一种引水室。它是用钢筋混凝土或者金属制造的封闭式布置，可以适应各种水头和流量的要求。水轮机的蜗壳可分为金属蜗壳和混凝土蜗壳两种。1.蜗壳形式蜗壳自鼻端到进口断面所包围的角度称为蜗壳的包角，水头大于40m时一般采用混凝土蜗壳，包角；当水头较高时需要在混凝土中布置大量的钢筋，造价可能比混凝土蜗壳还要高，同时钢筋布置过密会造成施工困难，因此多采用金

2、属蜗壳，包角。本电站最高水头为174m，故采用金属蜗壳。2.座环参数根据水轮机转轮直径D1查[1].P128页表2—16得：座环出口直径:座环进口直径:蜗壳常数K=100（mm）、r=200（mm）3.蝶形边锥角ɑ取4.蝶形边座环半径5.蝶形边高度h6.蜗壳圆形断面和椭圆形断面界定值s...7.座环蝶形边斜线L8.座环蝶形边锥角顶点至水轮机轴线的距离二.蜗壳进口断面参数计算1.蜗壳进口流量Q0的计算由HLD10运转综合特性曲线查得:Pr=35833.3(kW)、Hr=158.75（m）、ηT=0.9052.蜗壳进口断面面积F0的计算根据水头查设计手册图2—21得：v0=11m/s3.蜗壳进口

3、断面半径ρ0的计算4.进口断面圆心至水轮机中心线的距离α0查[1].P128表2—16金属蜗壳座环尺寸系列得：k=0.1m、Da=3.25m、Db=2.725m5.蜗壳系数C的计算6.进口断面外半径R0三.蜗壳圆形断面参数计算1.蜗壳圆形断面参数计算：见表2—1表2—1蜗壳圆形断面计算表断面号13450.1501.7250.5180.08410.6580.8080.6530.8592.5333.39...23300.1431.7250.4950.08410.6410.7840.6150.8362.5093.3533150.1371.7250.4730.08410.6230.7600.5780

4、.8142.4853.3043000.1301.7250.4500.08410.6050.7350.5410.7902.4603.2552850.1241.7250.4280.08410.5860.7100.5040.7672.4353.2062700.1171.7250.4050.08410.5660.6840.4680.7432.4093.1572550.1111.7250.3830.08410.5460.6570.4320.7182.3823.1082400.1041.7250.3600.08410.5250.6300.3960.6932.3553.0592250.0981.7250.

5、3380.08410.5030.6010.3610.6682.3262.99102100.0911.7250.3150.08410.4810.5720.3270.6412.2972.94111950.0851.7250.2930.08410.4570.5410.2930.6142.2662.88121800.0781.7250.2700.08410.4310.5090.2600.5862.2342.82131650.0721.7250.2480.08410.4040.4760.2270.5572.2012.76141500.0651.7250.2250.08410.3750.4410.194

6、0.5272.1662.69四.蜗壳椭圆形断面参数计算1.蜗壳椭圆形断面参数计算：见表2—2表2—2蜗壳椭圆形断面计算表断面号LAR2R1151350.0720.00420.00170.1790.4960.3540.8320.5080.5062.1432.65161200.0640.00330.00130.1590.4640.3540.7340.4550.4912.0782.57171050.0560.00250.00100.1390.4300.3540.6390.4000.4742.0102.4818900.0480.00190.00080.1190.3940.3540.5460.3430

7、.4571.9402.4019750.0400.00130.00050.0990.3560.3540.4560.2830.4391.8682.3120600.0320.00080.00030.0790.3140.3540.3690.2210.4201.7912.2121450.0240.00050.00020.0600.2680.3540.2850.1550.4001.7112.1122300.0160.00