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1、CHAPTER68NEUROSURGERYJaimeGasco,AaronMohanty,FadiHanbali,andJoelT.Pattersonsubarachnoidhemorrhage,intracerebralhemorrhage,aneurysm,intracranialdynamicsandarteriovenousmalformation(AVM);centralnervoussystemcerebrovasculardisorders(CNS)tumors,whichincludene
2、oplasmsofthebrain,skullbase,centralnervoussystemtumorscranialnerves,spinalcord,meninges,andperipheralnerves;traumaticbraininjurytraumaticbraininjury;degenerativediseasesofthespine;func-degenerativedisordersofthespinetionalneurosurgery,whichincludesstereot
3、acticradiosurgeryfunctionalandstereotacticneurosurgery(SRS),epilepsysurgery,andsurgeryforthemanagementofpainhydrocephalusandmovementdisorders;hydrocephalusandpediatricneuro-pediatricneurosurgerysurgery;andneurosurgicalmanagementofCNSinfections.Thecentraln
4、ervoussysteminfectionsfieldofneurosurgeryissimplytoobroadtomakeadetailedencyclopedicoverviewrealistic,butsomeintroductiontotheseissueswillhopefullybeusefultothereader.Neurosurgeryisdefinedassurgeryofthebrain,spinalcord,INTRACRANIALDYNAMICSperipheralnerves
5、,andtheirsupportingstructures,includingtheAfewbasicprinciplesconcerningintracranialdynamics,CSF,bloodsupply,andprotectiveelements,spinalfluidspaces,bonyCBF,andICPareessentialtograspattheoutsetandaresum-cranium,andspine.Althoughitmaybeintuitivetothinkofmar
6、izedhereforquickreview.Someoftheseprinciplesareneurosurgeryasmostlyconcernedwiththeneuraltissueitself,obviouswhereasothersmightbeconsideredcounterintuitive.itiscommonthatthepathophysiologyandopportunityforThefirstprincipleisobvious.Thecranialcavityhasafix
7、edtherapyinvolveitsinfrastructure.Thus,itiseasytounderstandvolumecomprisedof(1)braintissue(parenchyma),(2)CSF,thatneurosurgeonsareoftenfocusedonintracranialpressureand(3)bloodvesselsandintravascularblood.Accordingtothe(ICP),cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)dynamics
8、,cerebralbloodflowMonro-Kelliedoctrine,thesumofthesecomponentswithinthe(CBF),andcompressionsyndromesofthespinalcord,nervefixedvolumeofthecranialcavityimpliesthatanincreaseinoneroots,andperipheralnerves.Whatevermaybe
