材料的结构和变形外文文献翻译、材料工程外文翻译、中英文翻译

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1、胡远江630t立式冷挤压压力机有限元分析与改进设计Chapter2StructureandDeformationinMaterials2.1INTRODUCTION2.2BONDINGINSOLIDS2.3STRUCTUREINCRYSTALLINEMATERIALS2.4ELASTICDEFORMATIONANDTHEORETICALSTRENGTH2.5INELASTICDEFORMATION2.6SUMARRYOBJECTIVESReviewchemicalbondingcrystalstructureinsolidmaterials

2、atabasiclevel,andrelatethesetodifferencesinmechanicalbehavioramongvariousclassesofmaterials.Understandthephysicalbasisofelasticdeformation,andemploythisestimatethetheoreticalstrengthofsolidsduetotheirchemicalbonding.Understandthebasicmechanismsofinelasticdeformationduetopl

3、asticityandcreep.Learnwhyactualstrengthsofmaterialsfallfarbelowthetheoreticalstrengthtobreakchemicalbonds.2.1INTRODUTIONAwidevarietyofmaterialsareusedinapplicationswhereresistancetomechanicalloadingisnecessary.Thesearecollectivelycalledengineeringmaterialsandcanbebroadlycl

4、assifiedasmetalsalloys,polymers,ceramicsandglasses,andcomposites.SometypicalmembersofeachclassaregiveninTable2.1.Differencesamongtheclassesofmaterialsastochemicalbondingandmicrostructureaffectmechanicalbehavior,givingrisetorelativeadvantagesanddisadvantagesamongtheclasses.

5、ThesituationissummarizedbyFig.2.1.Forexample.thestrongchemicalbondinginceramicsandglassesimpartsmechanicalstrengthandstiffness(highE),andalsotemperatureandcorrosionresistance,butcausebrittlebehavior.Incontrast,manypolymersarerelativelyweaklybondedbetweenthechainmolecules,i

6、nwhichcasethematerialhaslowstrengthandstiffnessandissusceptiblecreep12胡远江630t立式冷挤压压力机有限元分析与改进设计deformation.Startingfromthesizesaleofprimaryinterestinengineering,roughonemeter,thereisaspanof10ordersofmagnitudeinsize,downtothesaleoftheatom,whichisaround10-10m.Thissituationan

7、dvariousintermediatesizescalesofinterestareindicatedinFig.2.2.Atanygivensizescale,anunderstandingofthebehaviorcanbesoughtbylookingatwhathappensatasmallerscale;Thebehaviorofamachine,vehicle,orstructureisexplainedbythebehaviorofitscomponentparts,andthebehaviorofthesecanintur

8、nbeexplainedbytheuseofsmall(10-1to10-2m)testspecimens,andthematerials.Similarly,themacros