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1、ChainLinkADecentralizedOracleNetworkSteveEllis,AriJuelsy,andSergeyNazarov4September2017(v1.0)AbstractSmartcontractsarepoisedtorevolutionizemanyindustriesbyreplacingtheneedforbothtraditionallegalagreementsandcentrallyautomateddigitalagreements.Bothperform
2、anceverificationandexecutionrelyonmanualactionsfromoneofthecontractingparties,oranautomatedsystemthatprogrammat-icallyretrievesandupdatesrelevantchanges.Unfortunately,becauseoftheirunderlyingconsensusprotocols,theblockchainsonwhichsmartcontractsruncannots
3、upportnativecommunicationwithexternalsystems.Today,thesolutiontothisproblemistointroduceanewfunctionality,calledanoracle,thatprovidesconnectivitytotheoutsideworld.Existingoraclesarecentralizedservices.Anysmartcontractusingsuchserviceshasasinglepointoffai
4、lure,makingitnomoresecurethanatraditional,centrallyrundigitalagreement.InthispaperwepresentChainLink,adecentralizedoraclenetwork.Wede-scribetheon-chaincomponentsthatChainLinkprovidesforcontractstogainexternalconnectivity,andthesoftwarepoweringthenodesoft
5、henetwork.Wepresentbothasimpleon-chaincontractdataaggregationsystem,andamoreefficientoff-chainconsensusmechanism.WealsodescribesupportingreputationandsecuritymonitoringservicesforChainLinkthathelpusersmakeinformedproviderselectionsandachieverobustserviceeve
6、nunderaggressivelyadver-sarialconditions.Finally,wecharacterizethepropertiesofanidealoracleasguidanceforoursecuritystrategy,andlayoutpossiblefutureimprovements,includingrichlyfeaturedoracleprogramming,data-sourceinfrastructuremodi-fications,andconfidential
7、smart-contractexecution.1Contents1Introduction32ArchitecturalOverview42.1On-ChainArchitecture..........................52.2Off-ChainArchitecture..........................63OracleSecurity74ChainLinkDecentralizationApproach114.1Distributingsources..........
8、..................114.2Distributingoracles............................115ChainLinkSecurityServices165.1ValidationSystem.............................165.2ReputationSystem............................175.3CertificationService.
