试析水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制和应用

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1、中国石油大学（华东）硕士学位论文水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制和应用姓名：刘栋申请学位级别：硕士专业：化学工程指导教师：张晓云;于云凤20071001摘要随着人们对环保工作的日益重视，研制零ODP值的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料有着非常重要的意义。本文介绍了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料CFC．11替代技术及现状，并从环保角度比较了各种替代发泡剂的性能和优缺点。以蔗糖、丙二醇和环氧丙烷为原料合成了硬泡用高官能度、低粘度聚醚多元醇。讨论了水、催化剂用量、湿度等因素对聚醚多元醇生产的影响，提出了影响因素的解决对策。结果表明，选择合适的初期聚合温度、降低蔗糖粒径、增加蔗糖熔融时间，

2、可提高蔗糖型硬泡聚醚的质量。该聚醚多元醇25℃粘度为2500～3500mPa．s，理论官能度为5．7～6．2，羟值约为450mgKOH·g一。研制了全水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料组合聚醚，探讨了聚醚多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂及催化剂等原料对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备的影响。依此制各的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有良好的尺寸稳定性和较低的导热系数，其性能与CFC．11发泡剂制备的泡沫相近。该泡沫已应用于胜利油田河口锅炉房工程中，具有广阔的市场前景。关键词：聚氨酯全水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫聚醚多元醇ⅡAbstractWithpeople’Sincreasingattention

3、paidtotheenvironmentalprotection，therigidpolyurethanesfoamofzeroODPisrequired．ThisarticleintroducedtheexistingconditionandthesubstitutivetechnologyforCFC一11foamingagentofpolyurethanerigidfoamedplastics．Thefunctionandcharactersoffoamingagentsubstitutewascontrastedfromenvironmental

4、protection．PolyetherpolyolwithlowviscosityandhighfunctionalityforrigidfoamswaspreparedfromthePDO、sugarandpropyleneoxide．Theinfluencingfactorsonthecharactersofpolyetherpolyolwerediscussed．Thefactorsincludewater,catalystandtemperature．Thesolutionmethodsforthefactorsweresubmitted．Th

5、eresultsshowedthatchoosingappropriateinitialpolymerizationtemperature，reducingparticlediameterofsucroseandincreasingfusingtimeofsucrosewouldimprovethequalityofthesynthesizedsucrose—containingpolyetherpoly01．Theviscosityofpolyetherpolyolis2500～3500mPa·sat25℃，theoreticalfunctionali

6、tyis5．7～6．2，hydroxylvalueis450mgKOH·g～．Thewater-blownrigidpolyurethanefoamsystemswereprepared．Theinfluenceofsomerawmaterialssuchaspolyether,theuniformity,vesicantfoamsandcatalystsonthepreparationofrigidpolyurethanesfoamwasdiscussed．Therigidfoamhasgooddimensionalstabilityandlowthe

7、rmalconductivity．ThecharactersofthefoamareequivalentwiththosebasedonCFC一11andconventionalpolyetherpolyols．Thewater-blownpolyurethanesystemproductshavebeenappliedinHekouboilerbuildingengineeringofShenglioilfield．Ithasgoodmarketprospects．Keywords：polyurethane，water-blown，dgidpolyur

8、ethanefoam，polyetherpolyolIII关于学位论文的独创性声