第二章师版练习

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1、Chapter2：Phonology音韵学I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.2.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribut

2、ion.3.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning・4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.5.Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.6.Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.7.Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribet

3、hephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.8.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:thethroat,themouthandthechest.9.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.10.Engli

4、shconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.11.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.12.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:

5、thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.13.Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.14.Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.15.Phonesarethesoundsthatcan

6、distinguishmeaning.16.Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.17.Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.18.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhi

7、choccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.19.Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.20.Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.ILFillineachofthefollowingblankswithoneword

8、whichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.Arefers