交通工程英语翻译

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1、交通工程专业英语EnglishinTrafficEngineering姓名:刘笑笑班级：交工一班10号指导老师:常丽君DriverBehaviorandAccidentsSometypesofimproperdrivingasrelatedtoaccidentscanbetheresultsofeitherwillfulorinadvertenterrors.Unfortunately,itisnoteasytodiscoverwhichtypeofbehaviorhascausedanaccident.AnOctober1970reportbytheU.S.DepartmentofT

2、ransportationdealswiththisdifficultproblemandconcludes:"thenegligencelawusuallytreats'drivererror' bothavoidableandunreasonable,andimposesliabilitypursuanttoanobjectivestandardtowhichalldriversareheld.Butareviewoftheavailableresearchindicatesthatasignificantgapexistsbetweenthestandardofbehaviorr

3、equiredbythenegligencelawandtheaveragebehaviornormallyexhibitedbymostdrivers."Thereportalsosays:"Youwillnotethatthestandardofcarerequiredisthatexercisedbyapersonofreasonableandordinaryprudence,ratherthanthatexercisedbyapersonofextremecautionorexceptionalskill.Whileexceptionalskillistobeadmireda

4、ndencouraged,thelawdosenotdemand itasageneralstandardofconduct."Manyprogramsofdriverimprovementseemtobebasedonanassumptionofwillfulmisbehaviorandthereforeconcentrateonthemultipleviolatorandaccidentrepeater.However,studiesbyCampbellshowthatthere13littleevidencetosupportthisposition.Mostaccidentsi

5、nvolvedriverswithgoodrecordswhohavenothadanypreviousseriouscrashes.Inotherwords,theoldconceptofthe'accident-prone'driverisnotsupportedbythefacts.Eachyeartrafficaccidentsseemtobedistributedamongthestatesmaboutthesameproportionpermillionsofvehicle-milesdriven.Rawnumbersoffatalcrashesoccurmorefreque

6、ntlyduringthesummerandfallwhenthereismoretravel.Thesefactsallseemtopointtotheconclusionthatthemoredrivingwedo,themorethechanceofanaccidentoccurringincreases,themoredooccur.Thiswouldseemtoargueforthemajorroleofchangeinthedistributionoffatalcrashes.Undoubtedly,chancefactorsareacting,buteachaccident

7、wascausedandthereforecouldhavebeenprevented.Sincethemajorityofmotorvehicleaccidentsoccurindaylightondryroadswithsoundvehicles,thecausesseemtobewiththedriversandthewaysinwhichtheyinteractwiththeroadway.Themorethatisunde