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ID:37361283
大小:2.89 MB
页数:94页
时间:2019-05-22
《精高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯在我国水稻田使用的风险分析和比较》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、中国农业大学博士学位论文精高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯在我国水稻田使用的风险分析和比较姓名:王蔚申请学位级别:博士专业:农业昆虫与害虫防治指导教师:高希武;陈隆智20070501GCH对虾的毒性比LCH低数倍,防治害虫的用量仅为LCH的一半,但在模拟试验中二者对稻田和与之相连的水塘中水生动物的风险并没有显著著异。6.按推荐剂量防治稻田害虫,用药后8h内可能会造成稻田内鱼的急性死亡,但24h后对鱼的风险可以接受。因此可以采用避难所的方式对鱼提供暂时的保护;用药后24h排水对受水水塘中的鱼和中华绒螯蟹安
2、全。GCH和LCH对虾的毒性风险很高,只要用药,都可能导致水塘中虾的大量死亡。但如果药后田间持水7天后再排水,对水塘中的虾的风险是可以接受的。7.室内模拟试验表明,菊酯类农药对虾的风险远远超出了预划的想象,即使在稻田模拟器中的田水已经检测不到GCH或LCH的情况下再稀释5倍的水体中.两种农药仍然可能导致虾的死亡。这“研究结果表明对于虾的风险管理要格外严格。关键词:精高效氯氟氰菊酯,高效氯氟氰菊酯,异构体,毒性,龟,虾,风险评估,风险分析水稻,二化螟,稻纵卷叶螟IIAbstractBecauseofth
3、ehightoxicitytosomeaquaticorganisms,especiallyfishandshrimp,thepyrethroidpesticidesareforbiddentobeusedinrice.InApril2004,ICAMA(InstitutefortheControlofAgrochemicals,MinistryofAgriculture)decidedtoassesswhetherthepyrethroidpesticidescanbeusedinrice.Lamb
4、da·Cyhalothrin(LCH)containstwoisomers,oneofwhichishighactivetoinsectandtheotherisverylow.Gamma-cyhalothrin(GCH)containsonlytheactivestereoisomerthatfoundsinLambda-cyhalothrin.In2004,GCH15CS(CapsuleSuspension)andLCH25EW(EmulsionoilinWater)enteredtheChine
5、semarket.Inthispaper,undertheChinesericecultivationconditionsandthefollowingaquaticorganismsriskassessmentmodeofUSA,wecomparedtheenvironmentriskofGCH15CSandLCH25EWtofish,shrimpandmittencrab.Theexperimentresultsale,asfollows:1.TheLPDequationofGCH15CSandL
6、CH25EWtoChilosuppressal&wereY24.93176+199689xandY=4.57580+1.71568x.respectively.TheLCsovalueswere1.0982Pgai/mland1.7454ggai/ml,respectively.Dosageandtoxicityshowedhighrelativity.LC50valueofGCHwasO.6292timesofLCH,GCHwasmuchtoxicthanLCHtoChilosuppressalis
7、,butdidn’treachtwice.Theconditionsmadapproachesthatpesticidesenterintotheinsectsaredifferentbetweenindoorbio-assayexperimentandfieldefficacytrial,thoughtheresultwasdifferentfromtheexpected,itstillrespectedthehypothesisthatthetoxicityofGCHwasmuchtoxictha
8、nLCHtoChilosuppressalis.2.TheformulationofGCH15CSandLCH25EWbothhadgoodcontroloverCsuppressal括andCnaphalocerusmedinalis,buttheirapplicationratesweredifferent.GCH15CSofferedequivalentactivityathalftherateofLCH25EW.Theresultsuggeste
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