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1、ThePragmaticFunctionsoftheChineseModalAuxiliaries--InreferencetoNengVerbGroupWenXiongUniversityofRhodeIsland,USA提要汉语助动词是外国学生学习汉语的难点之一。无论是从汉语本体的角度，还是从汉语作为第二语言学习的角度，对汉语助动词的语用功能的考察，前人的研究基本是空白。类似的研究对深化对汉语的研究，进一步提高对外汉语教学的有效性是不可或缺的,因为语言的语用功能直接体现为如何用语言完成表达和交际。本文从对外汉语教和学的角度
2、，选取助动词中最常用的“能”类助动词，对其中的四个助动词（能，可以，会，可能）的语用功能进行了详细列举和分析，研究的成果揭示了语言中语法形式，语义和语言功能的密切关系。1.IntroductionTheacquisitionofChinesemodalauxiliaryverbs(suchas能，可以，会，应该…..)ishighlycomplexforlearnersofChinese(Ji,1992;Tao,1991;Xiong;1996;Chen,2002),andthelearnerscontinuetousethem
3、inaccurately,evenatadvancedlevel.ThisraisesseveralChineseStudiesReview,no.1,vol.3,May200830questions:WhyistherealackofmasteryoftheChinesemodalauxiliaryverbsbylearners?Wheredotheirproblemscomefrom?Dowereallyunderstandtheaspectsoflearningprocess?Isinstructionhelpfulan
4、deffective?InthestudiesofteachingEnglishmodalauxiliaryverbs,Holmes(1988)notedthatmostoftextbooksdonotadequatelycovermodals,iftheycoverthematall.Kärkkäinen(1992)pointedoutthatalackofresearchintothemodals’pragmaticfunctionsleadstotheneglectofexplicitteachingofthemodal
5、verbforms.ThispapershedslightontheteachingofChinesemodalauxiliaryverbsasasecond/foreignlanguagebyexploringtheirspecificpragmaticfunctions.2.LiteratureReviewThestudiesofmoodormodalityhavebeenrelatedtoeachotherforcenturiesandcanbetracedbacktodebatesintheliteratureoflo
6、gicalandphilosophicalstudies.Fromtheperspectiveoflanguage,mood(modal,-ity)isdefinedbyCrystal(2003,p.299)asfollows:Mood(“modality”,or“mode”)referstoasetofSYNTACTICANDSEMANTICCONTRASTSsignaledbyalternativePARADIGMSoftheverb,e.g.INDICATIVE(theUNMARKEDform),SUBJUNCTIVE,
7、IMPERATIVE.Semantically,awiderangeofmeaningsisinvolved,especiallyattitudesonthepartofthespeakertowardsthefactualcontentoftheutterance,e.g.uncertainty,definiteness,vagueness,possibility.ChineseStudiesReview,no.1,vol.3,May200831Syntactically,thesecontrastsmaybesignale
8、dbyalternativeINFLECTIONALformsofaverb,orbyusingAUXILIARIES.Fromthisdefinition,itcanbeinterpretedthatmoodormodalityisacommoncategoryinlang
