CHAPTER 4 The Components of the System 9. Chapter Summary 课件

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1、CHAPTER4TheComponentsoftheSystemUnitChapterSummaryTheSystemUnitThesystemunitisacasethatcontainselectroniccomponentsofthecomputerusedtoprocessdata2TheSystemUnitThemotherboardisthemaincircuitboardofthesystemunitAcomputerchipcontainsintegratedcircuits3ProcessorT

2、heprocessor,alsocalledthecentralprocessingunit(CPU),interpretsandcarriesoutthebasicinstructionsthatoperateacomputerContainacontrolunitandanarithmeticlogicunit(ALU)4Multi-coreprocessorDual-coreprocessorQuad-coreprocessorProcessorThecontrolunitisthecomponentoft

3、heprocessorthatdirectsandcoordinatesmostoftheoperationsinthecomputerThearithmeticlogicunit(ALU)performsarithmetic,comparison,andotheroperations5DataRepresentationASCII(AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange)isthemostwidelyusedcodingschemetorepresentdat

4、a6DataRepresentation7MemoryMemoryconsistsofelectroniccomponentsthatstoreinstructionswaitingtobeexecutedbytheprocessor,dataneededbythoseinstructions,andtheresultsofprocessingthedataStoresthreebasiccategoriesofitems:8TheoperatingsystemandothersystemsoftwareAppl

5、icationprogramsDatabeingprocessedandtheresultinginformationMemoryEachlocationinmemoryhasanaddressMemorysizeismeasuredinkilobytes(KBorK),megabytes(MB),gigabytes(GB),orterabytes(TB)9MemoryTheamountofRAMnecessaryinacomputeroftendependsonthetypesofsoftwareyouplan

6、touseMemorycachespeedstheprocessesofthecomputerbecauseitstoresfrequentlyusedinstructionsanddata10MemoryFlashmemorycanbeerasedelectronicallyandrewrittenCMOStechnologyprovideshighspeedsandconsumeslittlepower11MemoryAccesstimeistheamountoftimeittakestheprocessor

7、toreadfrommemoryMeasuredinnanoseconds12ExpansionSlotsandAdapterCardsAnexpansionslotisasocketonthemotherboardthatcanholdanadaptercardAnadaptercardenhancesfunctionsofacomponentofthesystemunitand/orprovidesconnectionstoperipheralsSoundcardandvideocard13Expansion

8、SlotsandAdapterCardsRemovableflashmemoryincludes:Memorycards,USBflashdrives,andPCCards/ExpressCardmodules14PortsandConnectorsAportisthepointatwhichaperipheralattachestoorcommunicateswitha