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1、SSLA,12,209-218.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.SECONDLANGUAGEACQUISITIONANDLANGUAGEUNIVERSALSRESEARCHBernardComrieUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaTotheextentthatlanguageuniversalsrepresentinternalpropertiesofhumanbeings,onewouldexpectthemtomanifestthemselvesinfirstlanguage(L
2、1)acquisition.Whethertheyshouldalsomanifestthemselvesinsecondlanguage(L2)acquisitiondependsonwhetherornotlanguageuniversalsremainaccessibletoadults.TherelationbetweenL2acquisitionandlanguageuniversalsresearchisexaminedwithrespecttothreephenomena:extraction,wherethesubsetprinc
3、iplemakesinterestingpredictions,althoughthesecondlanguagedataarefarfromclear;structuredependence,wherethereisevidenceforthecontinuationbeyondpubertyofageneralformalpropertyoflanguage;andthedistributionofovertreflexives,whichhasafunctionalbasisandthereforeposestheinterestingqu
4、estionwhetherornotthisfunctionalbasisisaccessibletolanguagelearners.THENATUREOFLANGUAGEUNIVERSALSRESEARCHInordertosetthesceneforthebodyofthiscommentary,inwhichItrytocometotermswiththerelationbetweensecondlanguage(L2)acquisitionandlanguageuniversalsresearch,itisnecessaryfirstt
5、obealittlemoreexplicitaboutwhatIunderstandbylanguageuniversalsresearch.(Foramoredetailedaccount,seeCom-rie,1989.)Itshouldbeemphasizedthatthisistosomeextentapersonalstatement,thoughnodoubtsharedinlargemeasurebyotherresearcherswhocalltheirareaofinvestigation(empirical)languageu
6、niversalsresearch(thoughnotUniversalGram-marinthesenseinwhichitisunderstoodincurrentmainstreamgenerativegram-mar)andwhoseareaofinvestigationisoftencalled(perhapsespeciallybyoutsiders)typologicallinguistics;sinceitisoftenconvenienttoidentifyaparticularapproachwiththescholarmos
7、tinfluentialintheinitialdevelopmentofthattrend,theap-proachissometimesalsocalledtheGreenbergianapproach,sinceitdrawsitsinitialinspirationfromGreenberg(1966),despitesomesubsequentchangesinemphasis.©1990CambridgeUniversityPress0272-2631/90$5.00+.00209210BernardComrieTheessenceo
8、fthisapproach,asIseeit,isthatafullunderstandingofthenatureofhumanlan
