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1、ClassesofDeterminers1、Articles:Definite,IndefiniteandZeroArticles(冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)1.不定冠词主要表示泛指和与one同源,含"一"的意思。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在以元音音素开头的名词前,如: auniversity aman abook anumbrella anegg anhonestchild 2.定冠词the主要表示特指的人或物及第二次提到的人或物,或世界上独一无二的东西,如: thesun th
2、emoon theworld theearth 和形容词连用,代表一类人,如: theblind thedead thepoor therich hewounded theyoung theunemployed 3.在下列情况下不用冠词: a.特殊的专有名词前,如: JohnSmith b.物质名词表示类别时,如: Goldisapreciousmetal. c.抽象名词表示泛指时,如: Knowledgeispower. d.在季节、月份、日期、节日前,如: Febru
3、ary e.在餐名、运动、游戏等名词前,如: Sportsisgoodforhealth. f.在school,hospital,church,prison等词前,当这些词着重表示功用而不是这些建筑物或物体本身时,如: Shewenttoschoolatseven. (但Shewenttotheschooltoseeherteacher.) g.在表示"种类"的短语,如: akind(sort)oftree, twokinds(sorts)ofbooks. h.带有表示顺序的基数词前,如:
4、LessonOne(但theFirstLesson). i.表示独一的职位,头衔等的名词前,如: Hewaselectedpresidentofthesociety.2、Quantifiers(数量词) 1.many,much,(a)few,(a)little a.many,(a)few只用于可数名词前,much,(a)little只用于不可数名词前,如: many(afew,few)books much(alittle,little)water b.many和much主要用在否定句和疑问句中,
5、但它们前面加too或so时就多用在肯定句中,如: Wedidn'tspendmuchmoney. Howmanybooksdoyouhave? Youmadetoo(so)manymistakes. c.afew(=several)和alittle(=some)含肯定意义; few(=notmany)和little(=notmuch)含否定意义。 2.英语中有不少由"a(two,three,…)+单位词+of"构成的短语,用来表示: a.数量,如: apiece(bit)ofpap
6、er(news) plenty(alot,lots)ofstudents(furniture) agreat(good)dealofmoney alarge(small)amount(quantity)ofmoney agreat(large,good)numberofboys b.容积、重量,如: abagofriceabottleofwine abowlofsoupakilogramofsugar twospoonfulsofsalt c.形状,如: aball
7、ofstringabarofchocolate acakeofsoapasliceofbread(meat) twoheadsofcattle d.成双成群,如: apairofshoesacoupleofpeople aflockofbirdsaswarmofbees agangofthieves3、OtherDeterminers(其他限定词) 1.some,any,no a.some一般用于肯定句;any一般用于否定句,疑问句或if从句。 b.它们组成的复合词(someon
8、e,anyone,noone,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,nothing)只能用作单数,这些复合词后面都可跟else,如: Pleasedon'ttellthenewstoanyoneelse. 2.another,other a.another只