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1、Matlab在科研中的应用浙江大学控制系2013年11月10日目录IntroductionCurrentDirectoryBrowserEditor/DebuggerMatricesandMagicSquaresEnteringMatricesYoucanentermatricesintoMATLABinseveraldifferentways:•Enteranexplicitlistofelements.•Loadmatricesfromexternaldatafiles.•Generatematricesu
2、singbuilt-infunctions.•CreatematriceswithyourownfunctionsinM-files.A=[163213;510118;96712;415141]MATLABdisplaysthematrixyoujustentered.A=16321351011896712415141sum,transpose,anddiagsum(A)MATLABreplieswithans=34343434A'ans=16594310615211714138121sum(A')'produ
3、cesacolumnvectorcontainingtherowsumsans=34343434diag(A)%找对角线上的元素ans=161071sum(diag(A))ans=34fliplr(A)%左右翻转sum(diag(fliplr(A)))ans=34A(1,4)+A(2,4)+A(3,4)+A(4,4)Thisproducesans=34TheColonOperator%冒号操作符1:1012345678910Toobtainnonunitspacing,specifyanincrement.Fo
4、rexample,100:-7:50is10093867972655851and0:pi/4:piis00.78541.57082.35623.1416A(1:k,j)isthefirstkelementsofthejthcolumnofA.sum(A(1:4,4))computesthesumofthefourthcolumn.sum(A(:,end))sum(1:16)/4which,ofcourse,isans=34ThemagicFunctionB=magic(4)B=16231351110897612
5、414151A=B(:,[1324])%每一行与B相应的列对应A=16321351011896712415141ExpressionsLikemostotherprogramminglanguages,MATLABprovidesmathematicalexpressions,butunlikemostprogramminglanguages,theseexpressionsinvolveentirematrices.Thebuildingblocksofexpressionsare:•Variables•Nu
6、mbers•Operators•FunctionsOperatorsExpressionsusefamiliararithmeticoperatorsandprecedencerules.+Addition-Subtraction*Multiplication/DivisionLeftdivision(describedin“MatricesandLinearAlgebra”inUsingMATLAB)^Power'Complexconjugatetranspose()Specifyevaluationord
7、erSeveralspecialfunctionsprovidevaluesofusefulconstants.pi3.14159265…iImaginaryunit,Ö-1jSameasiepsFloating-pointrelativeprecision,2-52realminSmallestfloating-pointnumber,2-1022realmaxLargestfloating-pointnumber,(2-e)21023InfInfinityNaNNot-a-numbereps=1.e-6cl
8、earepsWorkingwithMatricesGeneratingMatriceszerosAllzerosonesAllonesrandUniformlydistributedrandomelementsrandnNormallydistributedrandomelementsZ=zeros(2,4)Z=00000000F=5*ones(3,3)F=555555555N=fix
