集群和比较优势：产业政策的启示【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：ClustersandComparativeAdvantage:ImplicationsforIndustrialPolicy出处：Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank作者：AndrésRodríguez-ClareAbstractIndustrialagglomerationsor“clusters”ariseinthepresenceofindustry-specificandlocalexternalities,alsocalledMarshallianexternalities.Thestandardar

2、gumentisthatsuchexternalitiesmayjustifyapolicyofinfant-industryprotectiontoallowandencourageclusterstoemerge.Thispaperexploresthatargumentandshowsthatdifferentpolicyimplicationsemergeunderamorerealisticmodelingofclusters.Inparticular,ratherthandistortingpricestopromoteclustersin“advan

3、ced”sectorsthatmayexhibitstrongclusteringpossibilities,countriesshouldfocusinsteadonpromotingclusteringincurrentsectorsthathavedemonstratedthestrongestcomparativeadvantage.Importsubstitutionisnotaproperwaytoachievesuchagoal.IntroductionThereisalongtraditionamongbothacademicsanddevelop

4、mentpractitionersthatassociateseconomicdevelopmentwiththerealizationofagglomerationeconomies.Inpolicycircles,thisisevidentinthefocuson“clusters”asanimportantconceptinunderstandinggrowthandinthinkingaboutdevelopmentpolicy(Porter,1990).Clustersariseinthepresenceof“Marshallianexternaliti

5、es,”accordingtowhichfirmsbenefitfromtheproductionandinnovationactivitiesofneighboringfirmsinthesameandrelatedindustries.Thereisabundantevidencethatsuchexternalitiesexistandleadtoindustry-levelagglomeration(RosenthalandStrange,2003).ButwhatistheappropriatepolicyinthepresenceofMarshalli

6、anexternalities(ME)?Fromaclassicaloptimal-policyperspective,thecorrectapproachwouldbetoprovideaproductionsubsidytofirmsgeneratingME,withthesubsidycalibratedtomatchthestrengthoftheexternality.Theproblem,ofcourse,isthatthisplacesverystringentinformationrequirementsonpolicy.Thegeneralimp

7、ressionisthat“advanced”or“technology-intensive”sectorsaretheoneswhereMEarestrongest,andrecentempiricalevidenceappearstobeconsistentwiththisimpression.Doesthisvalidatethecommonsuggestionthatcountriesshouldpromotedevelopmentoftechnologicallyadvancedsectors,perhapsthroughImportSubstituti

8、on?In