系统功能语法2

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1、SystemicFunctionalGrammar:IntroductionThefounderofthetheory:Michael(AlexanderKirkwood)Halliday.Basicphilosophy:LanguageisaresourceformakingmeaningThetheoryisatoolforunderstandinghowlanguageworks,andforanalysingIanguageinuse.Keyconcepts:Languageasasemioticsystem(=asystemofmeaning)•nottheonly

2、systemofmeaning•theonlysemioticsystemthatembodiesallhumanexperieneeandrelations•theonlysemioticsysteminwhichitispossibletotalkabouttheothers•theonlysemioticsystemthatevolvedasasemioticsystemandnothingelseLanguageisalsosemogenic(=meaning-creating)Lexisandgrammarareinseparable('lexicogrammar*

3、)Aframeworkforstudyingtexts/IanguageinuseAtext(ofanylength)istheinstantiationofameaningpotentialLinguisticchoiceAparadigm:thelistofoptionsfromwhichaspeakermakesachoiceE.g.paradigmformoodchoice:declarativeHewaswritingapaper.interrogativeWashewritingapaper?imperativeWriteapaper!Thethreemetafu

4、nctions•ideational("languageconstrueshumanexperience”)•interpersonal(*'languageenactshumanrelationships”)•textual("languagecreatesdiscourse”)Theclauseisthebasicunitofanalysis•ideational:whatthereistoargueabout;aprocessanditsassociatedparticipants•interpersonal:somethingyoucaninteractwith;au

5、nitwhichmayprovokearesponsewiththehearer/reader•textual:wordorder,punctuationetcshowthelimitsofaclauseExample:Atthelakeshoretherewasanotherrowboatdrawnup.ThetwoIndiansstoodwaiting.NickandhisfathergotinthesternoftheboatandtheIndiansshoveditoffandoneofthemgotintorow.UncleGeorgesatinthesternof

6、thecamprowboat.TheyoungIndianshovedthecampboatoffandgotintorowUncleGeorge.Thetwoboatsstartedoffinthedark.Nickheardtheoar-locksoftheotherboatquiteawayaheadoftheminthemist.TheIndiansrowedwithquick,choppystrokes.Nicklaybackwithhisfather'sarmaroundhim.Itwascoldonthewater.Thenotionofconstituency

7、ThenotionofrankTherankscale:Text一consistsofoneoremoresentencesSentenee-consistsofoneormoreclausesClause一consistsofgroups(andphrases)Group一consistsofwords(and/orgroups/phrases/clauses)Phrase一consistsofwords(and/orgroups/phrases/clauses)Word一consistsofoneo