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1、EugeneA.Nida语言学家翻译家翻译理论家1.Hislife2.Histranslationtheory3.Hisworks4.Example◆borninOklahomaCity,onNovember11,1914◆graduatedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniain1936◆attendedCampWycliffe,whereBibletranslationtheorywastaught◆becameafoundingchartermemberofWycliffeBibleTranslators,asisterorganizationoftheSumm
2、erInstituteofLinguisticsLife◆In1939,becameinterimpastorofCalvaryChurchofSantaAna,California◆In1943,receivedhisPh.D.inLinguisticsfromtheUniversityofMichigan◆wasordainedasaBaptistminister◆1943,marriedAltheaLucilleSprague◆In1937,undertookstudiesattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,whereheobtainedaMast
3、er’sDegreeinNewTestamentGreekin1939.◆Intheearly1980s,retired,livedinMadrid,SpainandBrussels,Belgium.◆diedinMadridonAugust25,2011aged96.◆In1993,AltheaSpraguedied.In1997,marriedDr.MaríaElenaFernandez-MirandaTranslationtheory功能对等理论DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence所谓“功能对等”，就是说翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应，而要
4、在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。在这一理论中,他指出“翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息”(郭建中,2000,P65)。奈达有关翻译的定义指明翻译不仅是词汇意义上的对等还包括语义、风格和文体的对等,翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇信息也有深层的文化信息。“动态对等”中的对等包括四个方面:词汇对等,2.句法对等,3.篇章对等,4.文体对等。在这四个方面中,奈达认为“意义是最重要的,形式其次”(郭建中,2000,P67)。形式很可能掩藏源语的文化意义并阻碍文化交流。因此,根据奈达的理论,译者应以动态对等的四个方面作为翻译的原则准确地在目的语中再现源语的文化内涵。Nidathen
5、setsforththedifferencesintranslation,ashewouldaccountforit,withinthreebasicfactors:Thenatureofthemessage:insomemessagesthecontentisofprimaryconsideration,andinotherstheformmustbegivenahigherpriority.Thetypeofaudience:prospectiveaudiencesdifferbothindecodingabilityandinpotentialinterest.(3)Thepurpo
6、seoftheauthorandofthetranslator:togiveinformationonbothformandcontent;toaimatfullintelligibilityofthereadersohe/shemayunderstandthefullimplicationsofthemessage;forimperativepurposesthataimatnotjustunderstandingthetranslationbutalsoatensuringnomisunderstandingofthetranslation.Works■TheBibleTranslat
7、or-(JournalfoundedandeditedbyDr.Nida(retired),1949-)■Morphology:TheDescriptiveAnalysisofWords-(Univ.ofMichiganPress,1949)■MessageandMission-(Harper,1960)■Customs,CultureandChristianity–(TyndalePress,1963)■Towarda
