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1、ARTICLEforthegreatestnumberºberealized?TheTragedyoftheCommonsNoÐfortworeasons,eachsufficientbyitself.Thefirstisatheoreticalone.ItisnotGarrettHardinmathematicallypossibletomaximizefortwo(ormore)variablesatthesametime.ThiswasclearlystatedbyvonNeumannandM
2、orgenstern(3),buttheprincipleisimplicitinthetheoryofpartialdifferentialequations,datingbackatleasttoD'Alembert(1717±Attheendofathoughtfularticleontheperfectly.Putanotherway,thereisno1783).futureofnuclearwar,WiesnerandYork(1)ªtechnicalsolutionºtotheprob
3、lem.IcanThesecondreasonspringsdirectlyfromconcludedthat:ªBothsidesinthearmsracewinonlybygivingaradicalmeaningtobiologicalfacts.Tolive,anyorganismare...confrontedbythedilemmaofsteadilythewordªwin.ºIcanhitmyopponentmusthaveasourceofenergy(forexample,incr
4、easingmilitarypowerandsteadilyde-overthehead;orIcandrughim;orIcanfood).Thisenergyisutilizedfortwopur-creasingnationalsecurity.Itisourconsideredfalsifytherecords.EverywayinwhichIposes:meremaintenanceandwork.Forprofessionaljudgmentthatthisdilemmahasnoªwi
5、nºinvolves,insomesense,anaban-man,maintenanceofliferequiresabouttechnicalsolution.Ifthegreatpowerscontinuedonmentofthegame,asweintuitively1600kilocaloriesaday(ªmaintenancecal-tolookforsolutionsintheareaofscienceunderstandit.(Icanalso,ofcourse,open-orie
6、sº).Anythingthathedoesoverandandtechnologyonly,theresultwillbetolyabandonthegameÐrefusetoplayit.abovemerelystayingalivewillbedefinedworsenthesituation.ºThisiswhatmostadultsdo.)aswork,andissupportedbyªworkcalo-IwouldliketofocusyourattentionnotTheclassof
7、ªNotechnicalsolutionriesºwhichhetakesin.Workcaloriesareonthesubjectofthearticle(nationalsecu-problemsºhasmembers.Mythesisisthatusednotonlyforwhatwecallworkinrityinanuclearworld)butonthekindoftheªpopulationproblem,ºasconvention-commonspeech;theyarealsor
8、equiredforconclusiontheyreached,namelythatthereallyconceived,isamemberofthisclass.allformsofenjoyment,fromswimmingisnotechnicalsolutiontotheproblem.AnHowitisconventionallyconceivedneedsandautomobileracingtoplayingmusicimplicitandalmostu
