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1、Chapter16:Drama20TH-CENTURYAMERICANDRAMAAmericandramaimitatedEnglishandEuropeantheateruntilwellintothe20thcentury.Often,playsfromEnglandortranslatedfromEuropeanlanguagesdominatedtheaterseasons.AninadequatecopyrightlawthatfailedtoprotectandpromoteAmericandramatistsworkedaga
2、instgenuinelyoriginaldrama.Sodidthe"starsystem,"inwhichactorsandactresses,ratherthantheactualplays,weregivenmostacclaim.AmericansflockedtoseeEuropeanactorswhotouredtheatersintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,importeddrama,likeimportedwine,enjoyedhigherstatusthanindigenousproducti
3、ons.Duringthe19thcentury,melodramaswithexemplarydemocraticfiguresandclearcontrastsbetweengoodandevilhadbeenpopular.Playsaboutsocialproblemssuchasslaveryalsodrewlargeaudiences;sometimestheseplayswereadaptationsofnovelslikeUncleTom'sCabin.Notuntilthe20thcenturywouldseriouspl
4、aysattemptaestheticinnovation.Popularcultureshowedvitaldevelopments,however,especiallyinvaudeville歌舞杂剧(popularvarietytheaterinvolvingskits小丑,clowning,music,andthelike).Minstrel吟游诗人shows,basedonAfrican-Americanmusicandfolkways社会习俗--performedbywhitecharactersusing"blackface"
5、makeup--alsodevelopedoriginalformsandexpressions.ColonialTheaterandDramaA.DramaintheColonies1.TheFirstAmericanPlay2.EarlyAmericanPlaysonStage:a.YeBareandYeCubbbyWilliamDarby,1665;b.OtherPlayswrittenandperformed3.FirstPlayprintedinAmerica:AndroborusbyRobertHunter,1714B.Acto
6、rsandActingCompaniesintheColonies1.ProblemsoftheActorsinAmerica2.EarlyTheatersandActingCompanies:WalterMurrayandThomasKean3.ACompanyofComediansfromLondon:LewisHallam4.TheAmericanCompany:DavidDouglassAnOutlineHistoryOfAmericanDramaC.DramaintheColonies1.FirstPlaywrittenbyanA
7、mericanandperformedinAmericabyProfessionalActors-ThePrinceofParthia(1759?)byThomasGodfrey2.OtherEarlyNativeDrama3.CollegeDramaintheColonies4.FirstPlaytotreatanativesubject-PonteachorTheSavagesofAmericabyRobertRogers(1766)DramaDuringtheRevolutionandthePostRevolutionaryPerio
8、dto1800A.PlaysReflectingPatriotViewsduringtheRevolutionB.PlaysReflectingLoyalistViewsduri
