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1、2003-2004学年第二学期中级宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)考试试题答案(经济试验班()21、022)I•Choosethebestanswers(27xlO)l.B2.A3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.C9.C10.DII•Explainthefollowingterms.(20points)1.Endogenousvariables:经济模型中要解释的变量。Exogenousvariables：模型给出作为既定的变量。2.Menucosts：企业因通货膨胀改变价格的成本。shoe-leathercosts：为减少持有货币的损失而发生的成本。3.GDPdeflator:
2、名义GDP/实际GDP,是相对于基年商品和劳务价格的那一年的商品和劳务价格。CPI：即消费价格指数，是相对于某个基年一篮子物品与劳务价格的同样一篮子物品与劳务的现期价格。4.Adaptiveexpectation:人们根据过去的经验或数据来预测未来。rationalexpectation：人们尽可能地利用所有可以获得地信息，包括关于现在政府政策地信息预测未来。5.Realexchangerate:两国物品的相对价格。nominalexchangerate：两国通货的相对价格。III.Answerthefollowingquestionsbydrawingorcalculating*(10,
3、x4)1•Wewanttoconsidertheeffectsofataxcutwhenthe厶M*curvedependsondisposableincomeinsteadofincome:M/P=L[r,Y-T.AtaxcutnowshiftsboththeIS*andtheLM*curves.Figure12-22showsthecaseoffloatingexchangerates.The/S*curveshiftstotheright,fromIStoIS.TheLM*curveshiftstotheleft,however,fromLMtoLM.Weknowthatrealb
4、alancesM/Parefixedintheshortrun,whiletheinterestrateisfixedattheleveloftheworldinterestrater*.Disposableincomeistheonlyvariablethatcanadjusttobringthemoneymarketintoequilibrium:hence,theLM*equationdeterminesthelevelofdisposableincome・IftaxesTfall,thenincomeYmustalsofalltokeepdisposableincomefixed.
5、InFigure12—22,wemovefromanoriginalequilibriumatpointAtoanewequilibriumatpointB.Incomefallsbytheamountofthetaxcut,andtheexchangerateappreciates.Iftherearefixedexchangerates,theIS*curvestillshiftstotheright;buttheinitialshiftinthe厶M*curvenolongermatters-Thatis,theupwardpressureontheexchangeratecause
6、sthecentralbanktoselldollarsandbuyforeignexchange;thisincreasesthemoneysupplyandshiftstheLM*curvetotheright,asshowninFigure12-23.Thenewequilibrium,atpointB,isattheintersectionofthenewIS*curve,IS,andthehorizontallineatthelevelofthefixedexchangerate.Thereisnodifferencebetweenthiscaseandthestandardca
7、sewheremoneydemanddependsonincome.Figure12-22Income,outputFigure12-23YIncome,output2.a.将生产函数两边同时除以效率工人，则冇:Y_/C04（ExL）0-6（r、°・4亠=kQAx厶丿ExLExLs-f(k)=(n+g+3k0.25严=0Akk*=2护=4.6),*=疋4=2.5加ul.84c*=(l-5)y=0.75x2.52/3=1
