Oracle基础培训

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1、Oracle基础培训---------陆莉军Oracle数据库介绍第一个应用于企业网格计算的数据库网格计算的特点：虚拟化，资源池，动态供应。10g中的g代表grid网格的意思Oracle数据库结构介绍Oracle服务器架构Oracle服务器包含Oracle实例Oracle数据库数据库结构存储结构内存结构进程InstanceSystemGlobalArea(SGA)Backgroundprocesses数据库文件内存结构JavapoolDatabasebuffercacheRedologbufferSharedpoolLargepoolSGAStreamspoo

2、lServerprocess1PGAServerprocess2PGABackgroundprocessPGA进程结构Userprocess:数据库用户发起一个到数据库的连接Serverprocess:建立会话的时候开始，连接到Oracle实例Backgroundprocesses:Oracle实例开始InstanceSGABackgroundprocessesServerprocessPGAUserprocessOracle实例SystemMonitor(SMON)DatabaseWriter(DBWn)LogWriter(LGWR)ProcessMonit

3、or(PMON)Archiver(ARCn)SGAJavapoolSharedpoolLargepoolStreamspoolDatabasebuffercacheRedologbufferCheckpoint(CKPT)ControlfilesDatafilesRedologfilesArchivelogfiles服务器进程和数据库缓存Buffers:PinnedCleanFreeorunusedDirtyDBWnServerprocessSGADatabasebuffercacheDatafiles文件结构.OnlineredologfilesPasswo

4、rdfileParameterfileArchivelogfilesControlfilesDatafilesAlertandtracelogfilesBackupfiles物理结构和逻辑结构DatabaseLogicalPhysicalTablespaceDatafileOSblockSegmentExtentOracledatablockSchemaOracle实例管理实例管理数据库实例启动、关闭监听管理界面EMSQl*Plusspfileorcl.ora初始化参数启动Oracle数据库实例:NOMOUNTOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWN

5、InstancestartedSTARTUP启动Oracle数据库实例:MOUNTOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNControlfileopenedforthisinstanceInstancestartedSTARTUP启动Oracle数据库实例:OPENOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNAllfilesopenedasdescribedbythecontrolfileforthisinstanceControlfileopenedforthisinstanceInstancestartedSTARTUP关闭数据库实例AN

6、oNoNoNoTNoNoYesYesINoNoNoYesShutdownModeAllowsnewconnectionsWaitsuntilcurrentsessionsendWaitsuntilcurrenttransactionsendForcesacheckpointandclosesfilesNNoYesYesYesShutdownmode:A=ABORTI=IMMEDIATET=TRANSACTIONALN=NORMAL动态性能视图通过动态性能视图查看状态变化和数据库状态.SessiondataWaiteventsMemoryallocationsR

7、unningSQLUNDOusageOpencursorsRedologusageAndsoonOracleinstanceSQL>SELECTsql_text,executionsFROMv$sqlWHEREcpu_time>200000;SQL>SELECT*FROMv$sessionWHEREmachine='EDRSR9P1'andlogon_time>SYSDATE-1;SQL>SELECTsid,ctimeFROMv$lockWHEREblock>0;abc角色、权限默认账号:SYS和SYSTEMSYS:DBA角色有说有权限的ADMINOPTION

8、启动，关闭等维护操作权限拥有数据字典拥