软件工程实践者的研究方法.ppt

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1、1Chapter8DesignConceptsSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,7/ebyRogerS.Pressman2DesignGoodsoftwaredesignshouldexhibit:Firmness(稳定性):Aprogramshouldnothaveanybugsthatinhibititsfunction.Commodity(适用性):Aprogramshouldbesuitableforthepurposesforwhichitwasintended.Delight(令人愉快):Theexperienceofusi

2、ngtheprogramshouldbepleasurableone.3AnalysisModel=>DesignModel43CharactersofDesignQualitythedesignmustimplementalloftheexplicit(明确的)requirementscontainedintheanalysismodel,anditmustaccommodatealloftheimplicit(隐含的)requirementsdesiredbythecustomer.thedesignmustbeareadable,understandableguideforthose

3、whogeneratecodeandforthosewhotestandsubsequentlysupportthesoftware.thedesignshouldprovideacompletepicture(全貌)ofthesoftware,addressingthedata,functional,andbehavioraldomainsfromanimplementationperspective.5QualityGuidelinesAdesignshouldexhibitanarchitecturethat(1)hasbeencreatedusingrecognizablearch

4、itecturalstylesorpatterns,(2)iscomposedofcomponentsthatexhibitgooddesigncharacteristicsand(3)canbeimplementedinanevolutionaryfashionAdesignshouldbemodular;thatis,thesoftwareshouldbelogicallypartitionedintoelementsorsubsystemsAdesignshouldcontainrepresentationsofdata,architecture,interfaces,andcomp

5、onents.Adesignshouldleadtodatastructuresthatareappropriatefortheclassestobeimplemented.Adesignshouldleadtocomponentsthatexhibitindependentfunctionalcharacteristics.Adesignshouldleadtointerfacesthatreducethecomplexityofconnectionsbetweencomponentsandwiththeexternalenvironment.Adesignshouldbederived

6、usingarepeatablemethodthatisdrivenbyinformationobtainedduringsoftwarerequirementsanalysis.Adesignshouldberepresentedusinganotationthateffectivelycommunicatesitsmeaning.6DesignPrinciplesThedesignshouldbetraceabletotheanalysismodel.Thedesignshouldnotreinvent(彻底改造)thewheel.Thedesignshould“minimizethe

7、distance”betweenthesoftwareandtheproblemasitexistsintherealworld.Thedesignshouldexhibituniformityandintegration.Thedesignshouldbestructuredtoaccommodatechange.Thedesignshouldbeassessedforqualityasitisbeingcreated