酸性和中性水田土壤施用硅肥的效应研究Ⅰ.对土壤pH、Eh及硅动态的影响.pdf

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1、农业环境科学学报2012，31(4)：757—763JournalofAgm—EnvironmentScience酸性和中性水田土壤施用硅肥的效应研究I．对土壤pH、Eh及硅动态的影响杨丹，刘鸣达，姜峰，张玉龙8(沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院，农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室，沈阳110866)摘要：分别选取酸性和中性水田土壤进行盆栽试验，研究施用硅肥对水稻各生育期土壤溶液pH、Eh及硅浓度的影响。结果表明，淹水种稻后酸性土壤pH迅速升高，而中性土壤pH降低，然后均趋于中性；Eh的变化基本均呈近似“w”形；土壤溶液硅浓度则经历了一个先升高后下降并趋于稳定的变化过程。与对照相比，单施高炉渣或高炉渣与

2、葡萄糖配施处理在提高土壤溶液pH和Eh、增加硅浓度方面的效果较为明显，尤其在酸性水田土壤上表现得更为突出；偏硅酸钠的施用效果只是在水稻生长的某一时期在中性水田土壤上表现得相对明显；单施葡萄糖会降低土壤Eh，提高生育前期土壤溶液中的硅浓度。在水稻全生育期内，高炉渣与葡萄糖配施处理的土壤溶液中硅浓度升高的幅度最大，在酸性水田土壤和中性水田土壤上分别是对照处理的1．40(最小倍数)～4．93(最大倍数)倍和1．19(最小倍数)～2．72倍(最大倍数)，说明施用高炉渣硅肥，可明显提高土壤硅素供应水平，对促进水稻生长、提高水稻产量有重要意义。关键词：水田土壤；土壤溶液；pH；Eh；硅；高炉渣中图分类号

3、：S143．7文献标志码：A文章编号：1672—2043(2012)04—0757—07EffectofSiliconFertilizerinAcidandNeutralPaddyFieldSoilsI．EffectonDynamicChangesofpH．EhandSiinSoilSolutionYANGDan，LIUMing-da，JIANGFeng，ZHANGYu—long‘(CollegeofLandandEnvironmentalScience，ShenyangAgriculturalUniversity，KeyLaboratoryofNortheastCultivatedLand

4、Conservation，MinistryofAgriculture，Shenyang110866，China)Abstract：PotexperimentswereconductedtostudytheeffectsofsiliconfertilizeronthedynamicchangesofpH，Eh，siliconconcentrationsinsoilsolutionsofacidandneutralpaddyfieldsoilsinnorthernChinaduringthegrowthstagesofrice．Themechanismsofdifferenttypesofsil

5、i—COIlfertilizeronimprovingsoilsiliconsupplyingabilitywereinvestigated．TheresultsshowedthatpHvalueincreasedinacidsoil，howeveritdecreasedinneutralsoil，andfinallybothapproachedtoneutralpH．ThepHvalueofsoilsolutionsinthetreatmentswithblastfurnaceslagormixtureofblastfurnaceslagandglucoseincreasedobvious

6、lyinacidpaddyfieldsoil，whiletheincreaseofpHwasmorepronouncedinthetreatmentwithsodiummetasilicateinneutralpaddyfieldsoil．TheEhofalltreatmentsinthetwotypesofsoildecreasedsharplyfirstly，andgraduallyreachedthebottom，thenincreasedrapidlytoapeakafterthewaterwasdrainedaway；whensoilwasdrownedagain，theEhde—

7、creasedtoanotherbottom。andthenincreasedslightly．TheEhvariedgreatlybetweenacidandneutralsoil．Inacidpaddyfieldsoil，Ehin—creasedinthetreatmentswithblastfurnaceslagorsodiummetsilicate，whereasitdecreasedinthetre