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1、DiabetesMellitusDr.RashaSalamaPhDPublicHealth,SuezCanalUniversity,EgyptDiabetesMSc,CardiffUniversity,UnitedKingdomDiabetesmellitus(DM)isagroupofdiseasescharacterizedbyhighlevelsofbloodglucoseresultingfromdefectsininsulinproduction,insulinaction,orboth.Thetermdiabetesmellitusdescribesame
2、tabolicdisorderofmultipleaetiologycharacterizedbychronichyperglycaemiawithdisturbancesofcarbohydrate,fatandproteinmetabolismresultingfromdefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orboth.Theeffectsofdiabetesmellitusincludelong–termdamage,dysfunctionandfailureofvariousorgans.Whatisdiabetes?
3、Diabetesmellitusmaypresentwithcharacteristicsymptomssuchasthirst,polyuria,blurringofvision,andweightloss.Initsmostsevereforms,ketoacidosisoranon–ketotichyperosmolarstatemaydevelopandleadtostupor,comaand,inabsenceofeffectivetreatment,death.Oftensymptomsarenotsevere,ormaybeabsent,andconse
4、quentlyhyperglycaemiasufficienttocausepathologicalandfunctionalchangesmaybepresentforalongtimebeforethediagnosisismade.DiabetesThelong–termeffectsofdiabetesmellitusincludeprogressivedevelopmentofthespecificcomplicationsofretinopathywithpotentialblindness,nephropathythatmayleadtorenalfai
5、lure,and/orneuropathywithriskoffootulcers,amputation,Charcotjoints,andfeaturesofautonomicdysfunction,includingsexualdysfunction.Peoplewithdiabetesareatincreasedriskofcardiovascular,peripheralvascularandcerebrovasculardisease.DiabetesLong-termEffectsThedevelopmentofdiabetesisprojectedtor
6、eachpandemicproportionsoverthenext10-20years.InternationalDiabetesFederation(IDF)dataindicatethatbytheyear2025,thenumberofpeopleaffectedwillreach333million–90%ofthesepeoplewillhaveType2diabetes.InmostWesternsocieties,theoverallprevalencehasreached4-6%,andisashighas10-12%among60-70-year-
7、oldpeople.Theannualhealthcostscausedbydiabetesanditscomplicationsaccountforaround6-12%ofallhealth-careexpenditure.BurdenofDiabetesType1DiabetesMellitusType2DiabetesMellitusGestationalDiabetesOthertypes:LADA(MODY(maturity-onsetdiabetesofyouth)SecondaryDiabetesMellitusTypesofDiab
