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1、casethenovelistintendstopointouttheprofoundcauseofGatsby’stragedy.Dr.WatsoninthestoriesofSherlockHolmesservesasafoiltothehero,renderingthedetectivesmarterthanhewouldotherwiseappeartothereader. Bythedegreeoftheirdevelopment,characterscanbegroupedasroundcharactersand flatcharacters.Thisdi
2、visionisproposedbyE.MForster.Roundcharactersarefullydevelopedwhileflatcharactersarenot.Orwecansaythatroundcharactersgrowwhileflatcharactersdonot.Usuallythereaderisallowedaccesstotheinnerlifeoftheroundcharacterandpermittedtolearnaboutmanysidesoftheroundcharacter.Theflatcharacterisa“close
3、d”charactertowhoseinnerthoughtsthereaderisdeniedaccess.Usuallyonesideoftheflatcharacterisshowninthenovel.Mostheroesareroundcharacterswhogrowemotionallyorspiritually. ChapterThreeTheme AristotleinPoeticslistssixbasicelementsoftragedy.Melody(song)anddiction(language)fallinthegeneralcatego
4、ryofstyle,andspectacleisrelevanttosettinginourdiscussionoffiction.Theotherthreeaspectsaremythosorplot,ethosorcharacter,anddianoia,whichwegenerallytranslateinto“thought”inEnglish.AccordingtoAristotle,plotisthe“soul”orshapingprincipleorfiction,andcharactersexistprimarilyasfunctionsofthepl
5、ot.Inmostofthestories,plotplaystheroleofprincipalstructureofthestory.But,asNorthropFryepointsout,besidestheinternalfictionofthecharacterandhis/hersociety,thereisanexternalfictionconsistingofarelationbetweenthewriterandthewriter’ssociety.WeindeedhaveliteraryworksbythelikesofShakespearean
6、dHomerinwhichartistryiscompletelyabsorbedintheirinternalcharactersandwecanhardlyperceivetheexistenceoftheauthor.However,assoonastheauthor’spersonalityappearsonthehorizon,arelationwiththereaderisestablished,andsometimesthereseemsnostoryatallapartfromwhattheauthorisconveyingtohis/herreade
7、r.Inthiscase,theprimaryinterestindianoia,theideaorthoughtthatreadergetsfromthewriter,whichinmoderncriticismwegenerallycall“theme”. I.WhatIsTheme? Oneofthesafestcommentstomakeaboutnovelsisonthetheme.Everyoneisentitledtoextractathemebaseduponhisunderstandingofthenovel.Thememaybet
