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1、会计英语1－10课Text1AccountingandItsEnvironmentDevelopanaccountingvocabularyfordecisionmaking.Accountingisasystemformeasuring,processing,andcommunicatingfinancialinformation.Asthe“languageofbusiness,”accountinghelpsawiderangeofdecisionmakers.Accountingdatesbackstoancientcivilizations,
2、butitsimportancetosocietyhasbeengreatestsincetheIndustrialrevolution.Applyaccountingconceptsandprinciplestoanalyzebusinesstransactions.Thethreebasicformsofbusinessorganizationaretheproprietorship,thepartnership,andthecorporation.Whatevertheform,accountantsusetheentityconcepttoke
3、epthebusiness’srecordsseparatefromthepersonalrecordsofthepeoplewhorunit.Accountantsatalllevelsmustbeethicaltoservetheirintendedpurpose.Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(GAAP)guideaccountantsintheirwork.Amongtheseguidelinesaretheentityconcept,thereliabilityprinciple,thecostpr
4、inciple,thegoing-concernconcept,andthestablemonetary-unitconcept.Usetheaccountingequationtodescribeanorganization’sfinancialposition.Initsmostcommonform,theaccountingequationisAssets=Liabilities+Owner’sEquity.Usetheaccountingequationtoanalyzebusinesstransactions.Transactionsaffe
5、ctsabusiness’sassets,liabilities,andowner’sequity.Therefore,transactionsareanalyzedintermsoftheireffectontheaccountingequation.Preparethefinancialstatements.Thefinancialstatementscommunicateinformationfordecisionmakingbytheentity’smanagers,owners,andcreditorsandbygovernmentagenc
6、ies.Theincomestatementpresentsavideooftheentity’soperationsintermsofrevenuesearnedandexpensesincurredduringaspecificperiod.Totalrevenuesminustotalexpensesequalnetincome.Netincomeornetlossanswersthequestion,Howmuchincomedidtheentityearn,orHowmuchlossdiditincurduringtheperiod?Thes
7、tatementofowner’sequityreportsthechangesinowner’sequityduringtheperiod.Thebalancesheetprovidesaphotographoftheentity’sfinancialstandingintermsofitsassets,liabilities,andowner’sequityataspecifictime.Itanswersthequestion,Whatistheentity’sfinancialposition?Thestatementofcashflowsre
8、portsthecashcominginandthecashgoingoutduringthe
