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1、四川大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题考生请注意：1．本试题共5大题，共12页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为180分钟。2．1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。3．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹清楚、工整。I．ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach)Directions:Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],
2、[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.PassageoneSpeechissofamiliarafeatherofdailythatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnaturaltomanaswalkingasandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment’sreflectiontoconvinceusthatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanill
3、usoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insoberfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatterfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusageisnotseriouslybroughtintoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipp
4、ed,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalheredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,theveryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobeprimarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadein
5、walkingandinsimilaractivities.Insveryrealsense,thenormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearntheart,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirthtotakeonallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalking.Toputitconcisely,walkingisa
6、ninherent,biologicalfunctionofman.Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk,butthatisdunentirelytothecircumstancethatheisborninthelapofasocietythatiscertaintoleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthereisaeveryr
7、easontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,ifindeed,hesurvivesatall.Butifitisjustascertainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsystemofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmentintowhi
8、chhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyforeignone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhisnewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelyatvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthen
