Economic Dispatch of Distributed Integrated Energy Systems Considering Energy Storage Devices

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2018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018InteractionStrategyofUserSideStorageDevicesfortheDay-aheadDispatchofDistributedIntegratedEnergySystemsYuxiongHuang,StudentMember,IEEE,GengfengLi,Member,IEEE,andZhaohongBie,SeniorMember,IEEE,JiangfengJiang,StudentMember,IEEENAllocationmatrixofenergyhubAbstract—Multi-energycomplementarityisbeneficialtore-CCouplingmatrixbetweenconvertersandloadeducetheoperatingcostandimprovethereliabilityofenergysys-cCouplingfactorbetweeninputandloadtems.Thispaperpresentsanoptimizationframeworkfortheday-aheaddispatchofdistributedintegratedenergysystemDispatchfactorbetweeninputandload(DIES),toexploretheinteractionstrategyofusersidestoragetdevicesparticipatingintheeconomicdispatchofDIES.Firstly,aPriceofenergycarrierattimetthemodelofDIESisestablishedbasedontheconceptofenergytPEnergyconsumedbythei-thconverterwithhub.Then,onthisbasis,theoptimizationmodelfortheday-aheadidispatchofaDIESisbuilttoachievethelowestoperationcost.energycarrierasinputattimeperiodtFurthermore,thefeasibilityoftheproposedmethodisvalidatedParametersbyextensivecasesstudies.Resultsshowthatmulti-energycom-plementaryandenergystoragedevicescanreducetheoperatingLEnergydemandvectorinenergyhubcostofenergysystemseffectively.PMinimuminputvectorofenergyhubminPMaximuminputvectorofenergyhubIndexTerms—economicdispatch,energyhub,distributedin-maxtegratedenergysystem,multi-energycomplementarityPMinimuminputvectorofconverterscminPMaximuminputvectorofconverterscmaxΔPMinimumchangevectorofconverters’inputNOMENCLATUREcminΔPMaximumchangevectorofconverters’inputSetsandindicescmaxSMinimuminputvectorofstoragedevicesSetofconverterswithenergycarrierasinputminSetofenergycarriersSmaxMaximuminputvectorofstoragedevicesNNumberofconvertersthatconsumeenergyEsminMinimumstoragevectorofstoragedevicesNtNumberoftimeperiodsineconomicdispatchEsmaxMaximumstoragevectorofstoragedevices0EInitialstoragecapacityvectorofstoragedevicesVariablessENtStoragecapacityvectorattimeperiodSEnergyinputvectorofstoragedevicessNtPEnergyinputvectorinenergyhubEfficiencyfactorbetweeninputandloadPEnergyinputvectorofconverterscFunctionsEEnergystoragevectorofstoragedevicesCCouplingmatrixofenergyhubf()PcOperationcostfunctionofDIESttfP()CostfunctionofconvertersiThisworkwassupportedinpartbytheNationalKeyR&DProgramofChina(2016YFB0901100)andtheNationalNaturalScienceFundofChinaI.INTRODUCTION(51607136).NERGYisthecornerstoneofhumansocialdevelopment.Y.Huang,G.Li,Z.Bie,andJ.JiangarewithStateKeyLaboratoryofEElectricalInsulationandPowerEquipment,ShaanxiKeyLaboratoryofSmartIntoday'ssociety,ontheonehand,thetotaldemandforGrid,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,Xi’an710049,China.CICED2018PaperNo.201805280000061�Page1/52191

12018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018energycontinuestogrow.Ontheotherhand,people'sawarenessofenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotec-P1storagePconverterStionisgrowingrapidly.HowtoimproveenergyefficiencytoLPmeetgrowingenergyneedsandenvironmentalprotectionre-2converterstoragequirementshasbecomeahotissueintheenergyfield.TheSP1Lconceptofdistributedintegratedenergysystems(DIES)[1]-[4]Pconverterishelpstoimprovethecomprehensiveutilizationefficiencyofmultipleenergycarriers,achievesustainablesupplyofre-storagePNSsources,andincreasetheflexibility,reliability,andeconomyofPconverterLenergysupplybymeansofmulti-energycomplementarity.Theprocesseslikeproduction,transmission,conversion,Fig.1.ModelofDIES.storage,andconsumptionofvariousenergycarrierse.g.elec-variousenergystoragedevicesintheprocessofmodelingandtricity,naturalgas,anddistrictheat,arecoordinatedorganicallyoptimizationframeworkofDIES.inDIES[1],formingaunifieduseofcomprehensivesocialTheapproachpresentedinthispaperaimstoprovidetheenergysources.ComparedwithanindependentenergysupplyoptimaloperationstrategyforaDIESunderthereal-timepricesystem,DIEShasmanyvirtues.1)Thesafetyandreliabilitymechanism,whereelectricity,naturalgasanddistrictheatarecanbeimprovedthroughtheorganiccoordinationbetweenadoptedasavailableenergycarriers,anddiversifiedenergyvariousenergysupplysystems.2)Theoptimaldispatchbe-storagedevicesisalsotakenintoconsideration.Inthispaper,tweensubsystemscanenhancetheenergyutilizationefficiencythemodelofaDIESwithvariousenergystoragedevicesisandeconomyofsystem.3)DIESisconductivetothecon-establishedbasedontheconceptofenergyhub.Onthisbasis,sumptionofrenewableenergyandthesustainablesupplyofanoptimizationframeworkispresentedtorealizetheoptimalsocialresources.However,thecouplingofdiversifiedsubsys-economicdispatchofaDIES,whereconstrainse.g.energytemsalsomakeswholesystemmorecomplex,andwithmorebalanceanddevicecapacityconstrainareconsidered.uncertainty.Andvariousenergycharacteristicsmakethere-Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.ThemodelofDIESbasedsearchonDIESchallenging.ontheenergyhubconceptispresentedinSectionII.Theeco-Torepresentthemulti-energycomplementarity,theconceptnomicdispatchmodelisestablishedinSectionIII.Casestudiesofenergyhubwaspresentedin[5]byaresearchteamatPowerarecarriedouttodemonstratethepresentedapproachinSec-SystemsandHighVoltageLaboratoryatETHZurich.EnergytionIV,followedbySectionVthatconcludesthispaper.hubcanbeconsideredasalinearmodelofDIES,inwhichmultipleenergycarrierscanbeconverted,conditioned,andII.MODELOFDIESstored.ManystudiesonDIESarecarriedoutbasedontheconceptofenergyhube.g.DIES’splanning,reliabilityevalu-Toconciselydepicttheconversionrelationshipbetweenation,optimalenergyflow,andintegrateddemandresponsedifferentenergycarriersinDIES,theconceptofenergyhubis[6]-[12].Inparticular,theoptimaloperationofenergysystemsintroducedinthispaper.AgeneralenergyhubmodelofDIESincludingmultipleenergycarriershasbeenaddressedinaconcludingdiversifiedstoragedevicesisshowninFig.1.numberofpublications.Differentmethodshavebeendevel-Anenergyhubintegratesvariousenergyconverterse.g.gasopedandusedforvariouspurposes.Ageneralmodelingandturbines,heatexchangersandtransformerstoconnectdiversi-optimizationframeworkforenergysystemsincludingmultiplefiedenergyinputsandoutputs.Andthemathematicalrela-energycarriersisproposedin[5].Anoptimalday-aheadeco-tionshipinconversionprocesscanbedepictedbyacouplingnomicdispatchingstrategyformicrogridconsideringpowertomatrixC,whichisformulatedas:gas(P2G)technologyisexploredin[13].Optimaloperationofmulti-carriersenergysystemincorporatingdemandresponseisLScccPdiscussedin[14],[15].Astrategyofdistributedenergyman-LScccP(1)agementfornetworkedmicrogridsisproposedin[16].Toensureareliableandeconomicalenergysupply,diversi-LScccPfiedenergystoragedevicesbecomemoreaccessibleandpop-LSCPularinmodernsociety.InDIES,bymeansofenergyconver-siondevices,storagedevicescannotonlystoreenergywhenwhere:thepriceislowanddischargeenergywhenthepriceishigh,butc(2)alsostorehigh-costenergyfromlow-costenergy,resultinginamorerationaloperationstrategy.Thus,itisworthconsideringConservationofpowerrequiresthatthesumofalldispatchCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000061�Page2/52192

22018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018factorsisequaltoone.transformerPThevectorofconverterinputPcanbeexpressedasthePe1ceSLeeproductofamatrixΝcontainingthedispatchfactorsandthePg1batteriesCHPhub’sinputvectorP.PgPg2heatP00PGB11storageP00PPS21Ph1HEhL(3)hhFig.2.Structureoftestsystem.PNN00PPNP2)InputCapacityConstraintcThen,combinedwith(2),(1)canberewrittenas:tPPP(9)minmaxLS12NP13)ConvertersConstraintsLSPt12N2PPP(10)(4)cminccmaxt(t-1)LSNPNΔPcminP-PccΔPcmax(11)12LSPCec4)EnergyStorageConstraintstTheenergystorageinstoragedevicesattimeperiodtcanSSS(12)minmaxbedeterminedbetheenergystorageandoutputpoweratthetlasttimeperiod,whichisformulatedas:EsminEsEsmax(13)tt-1t-10NE=E+St(5)E-Et=0(14)ssssIII.OPTIMIZATIONIV.CASESTUDIESWithdifferentenergycarriersavailableattheinputsandtheA.IntroductionofTestSystempossibilityofinternalconversion,DIEScanofferflexibilityonThestructureoftestsystem,whereelectricity,naturalgastheinputside.Inthissection,anoptimizationframeworkofaanddistrictheatasinputenergycarriers,isshowninFig.2.TheDIESconsideringdiversifiedstoragedevicesisproposedtooutputenergycarrierscoverelectricityandheat.Energycon-improvetheoveralloperationefficiency.vertersconsistoftransformer,CHP,gasboiler(GB)andheatA.ObjectionFunctionexchanger(HE).AndtherearetwokindsofenergystorageInthispaper,weaimatminimizingthetotalenergycon-devicestostoreelectricityandheat,respectively.sumptioncostofallenergycarriersinagiventimeperiod.ForaInthispaper,wediscusstheoptimalday-aheadeconomicDIES,thecostofenergycanbeformulatedasafunctionofdispatch,meaningthatthetimeperiodintheoptimizationconverterinputvectorP.Therefore,theobjectivefunctionofframeworkisadoptedas24hours,andmakeanhourlyeco-cnomicdispatchtodeterminethehourlyoutputofeachunit.TheeconomicdispatchofaDIESisformulatedas:requiredparametersforeconomicdispatcharelistedinTab.1.NtMoreover,Fig.3showthepricesofelectricity,naturalgasandttmin()fPcf(Pi)(6)districtheatduringaday,andFig.4showtheloaddemandofti1electricityanddistrictheatduringaday.wherethecostofvariousenergycarrierscanbeappropriatelyThreecasesareexploredinthispaper:formulatedastheproductofpriceandpower,asshownbelow:Case1:DIESwithconvertersandstoragedevices.Case2:DIESwithconvertersbutwithoutstoragedevices.ttttfP()iiaP(7)Case3:DIESwithoutconvertersandstoragedevices.RelatedoptimizationproblemsaresolvedbymeansofCVX.B.Constraints1)EnergyBalanceConstraintB.ResultsofEconomicDispatch1)ComparisonsofOperationCosttttL+S-CP=0(8)ecCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000061�Page3/52193

32018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018TABLEIelectricitypricenaturalgaspricedistirictheatpriceTHEREQUIREDPARAMETERSFORDIESECONOMICDISPATCH50.000.3P800CHPeh1max40.000.4S-200CHPhemin30.000.8S180GBemax20.000.9S-250HEhminP0S200Price(cents/kWh)10.00eminhmaxP1000E400.00emaxsemin123456789101112131415161718192021222324Pgmin0Esemax400Time(hour)Pgmax1200Eshmin50Fig.3.Pricesofvariouskindsofenergyduringaday.Phmin0Eshmax500electricityloadheatloadP1000P-1000hmaxe1minP0P10001200.0e1mine1max1000.0Pe1max1000Pg1min-300800.0Pg1min0Pg1max300600.0400.0Pg1max800Pg2min-300Load(kW)200.0P0P300g2ming2max0.0Pg2max700P-300123456789101112131415161718192021222324h1minTime(hour)P0P300h1minh1maxFig.4.Electricityloadandheatloadduringaday.TABLEIItransformerCHPGBHETHEDISPATCHRESULTOFSYSTEMOPERATIONCOST(CENTS)1000Case1Case2Case3800402940414217593826600400ThedispatchresultofsystemoperationcostindifferentPower(kW)200casesisshowninTab.II.ComparedwithCase3(without0123456789101112131415161718192021222324convertersandstoragedevices),operationcostsofCase2(withTime(hour)converters)andCase1(withconvertersandstoragedevices)Fig.5.Dispatchresultofeachconverterincaseone.havereducedby30.25%and32.15%,respectively.Theresultshowsthatmulti-energycomplementarityisofgreatsignifi-electricitystorageheatstoragecanceinparingdownoperationcost.Buttheroleofstorage200devicesinthisareainnotobvious,andthereasonforthisisbecausenaturalgas,thelowestcostenergyamongthreeenergy100carriers,isthemainsourceofenergyconsumptionforthe0system,makingtheregulationofstoragedevicesdifficultto123456789101112131415161718192021222324-100reflect.Power(kW)2)DispatchResultofEachUnit-200ThehourlyoutputofeachconverterinCase1isshowninFig.-3005.ItcanbeseenthatthetotalpowerconsumedbyCHPandGBTime(hour)alwaysequalto1200kW,whichisthemaximumpowerofFig.6.Dispatchresultofeachstoragedeviceincaseone.naturalgassupplyontheinputside,sincethepriceofnaturalgasischeaperthanelectricityanddistrictheat(seeFig.3).ThedispatchresultofeachstoragedeviceinCase1isshownFurthermore,becausethepriceofelectricityishigherthaninFig.6,wherethepositivevalueofpowerindicatesthatthedistrictheat,CHPrunsatitsmaximumpower(800kW)tostoragedeviceisinastoredstate,andthenegativevalueindi-convertnaturalgastoelectricityasmuchaspossible.Andthecatesthatthestoragedeviceisinadischargedstate.CombinedelectricityloadandheatloadthatCHPandGBcannotaffordwithFig.3,wecanobservethatstoragedevicestendtostorearesuppliedbytransformerandheatexchanger,respectively.energywhenthepriceislowanddischargeenergywhentheCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000061�Page4/52194

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