广东省东华高级中学2021届高三上学期期末联考英语考Word版含答案

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广东省东华高级中学2021届高三上学期联考英语试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATogetfromNewYorkCity(NYC)toChicago,thereareseveraltransportationoptions.Considertheprosandconsofeachoptiontochoosethebestoneforyou.TimeCostBestforTrain20hoursFrom$70seeingsceneryFlight3hoursfrom$48,butvarieswidelygettingtherequicklyBus19hoursFrom$38travelersonabudgetCar12hoursFrom$60stoppingforattractionsBytrainTravelingbytrainfromNYCtoChicagoisarelativelylongjourney.TrainsgofromPennStationinManhattantoUnionStation.TherouteisservicedbyAmtrak,viatheLakeShoreLimitedorCardinaltoChicagoorbychangingtrainseitherinWashington,D.C.orPitts-burgh.YoucanpurchaseticketsinadvancebyAmtrakorinpersonatPennStation.ByplaneFlyingtoChicagoisthefastestandmostconvenientwaytotraveltherefromNYC.ThemajorcarriersincludeJetBlue,Delta,United,andAmericanAirlines,aswellasbudgetcarriersincludingSouthwestandSpiritAirlines.BybusBusservicefromNYCtoChicagoisalongjourney,too.GreyhoundistheonlycompanythatservicesthisrouteandbusesdepartfromPortAuthorityBus-TerminalinManhattanandarriveatUnionStation.Thesebuses16

1offerWi-Fiservice.BycarYou'lldrivethroughNewJersey,Pennsylvania,andOhio,andthenalongtheMichiganandIndianaborderuntilyougoaroundthesoutherntipofLakeMichiganandbackupintoChicago.Whilethistripislong,themostsignificantadvantageoftravelingbycaristhatthereareafewinterestingplacestostopalongtheway.1．HowshouldyougotoChicagofromNYCifyouwanttosavemoney?A．Bytrain.B．Byplane.C．Bybus.D．Bycar.2．AtwhichplacecanyoubuytrainticketstoChicago?A．UnionStation.B．PennStation.C．Delta.D．Greyhound.3．WhatistheadvantageofdrivingtoChicagofromNYC?A．Savingmoremoney.B．Spendinglesstime.C．Stoppingtoenjoyscenery.D．StayinginNYCforalongtime.BIjusthadasnowstormthatpiledupeightinchesofsnow.Ittrulywasawinterwonder-land,andtherewaswhitebeautyeverywhere.SinceIdidn'thaveanythingtodothatday,Ireallyenjoyedit.Butthenthesecondsnowstormarrivedthatnight,pilingadditionalinchesofsnowontopofthesnowbanksthatwerealreadythere.Andthenontheeveningnews,theweathercastgaveusanoticethatstillanothersnowstormwasheadedourway.ThenIfeltdespondent.Ihadthingstodoandplacestogo.Afterdaysofbeingsnowbound,IfeltlikeIwasunderhousearrest.Iwasstuck.Aplacestuckisn'tafunplacetobe,whetherit'sfromasnowstormorfromlifecircum-stancessuchasabadrelationship,billsthatseemtotoweroverourheads,orsituationswhereweseenowayout.Allofuswillfeelstuckatonetimeoranother，butit'showwerespondthatmakesthedifference.IhadafriendnamedHannah.Shewasstuckintheheartbreakingworldofinfertility（不孕）.Shelongedforachildmorethananything.Insteadofacceptingdefeat,sheactedsincerely.ThinkaboutNelsonMandelainadarkprison.Itwasaseeminglyhopelessplace，butinsteadofbecomingdepressedorbitter,hekeptfightingforfreedom.Yes,hekeptfightingtogetthesuccess.Circumstancescannotdefineus,butourreactionsdo.Eachofthosemenandwomenlearnedimportantlessonsintheir“stuck”situations,andwecanaswell.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"despondent"inparagraph2mean?A．Unhappy.B．Unusual.C．Ambitious.D．Energetic.5．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?16

2A．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B．Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C．Introducesomebackgroundinformation.D．Formaconnectinglinkofthecontext.6．WhydoestheauthormentionHannahandNelsonMandela?A．Tointroducetwogreatcelebrities.B．Tointroducethewaytobefamous.C．Toshowtheirdifferentcircumstances.D．Toshowhowtorespondtodifficultsituations.7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Don'tbedefeatedbyfailureB．Don'tbetrappedbysnowC．EnjoythewhitebeautyD．KeepcalminthewinterCInanewstudypublishedontheJournalofAvianBiology,researchersattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexicotrackedthebehaviorofhousefinches（雀）onthemaincampusoftheuniversity,inMexicoCity.Theteamcreatedanartificialnestlining(内衬),whichincludesfeathers,cotton,hairandcigaretteends.Then,afterthebirds'eggshadhatched,theyreplacedtheoriginalliningwiththenewone,tomakesurethenestswerepestfree.Theresearchersthenaddedliveticks（壁虱）tothemix,whiledeadtickswereaddedtootherlinings.Itseemsthaturbanhousefinchesusemorecigaretteendstolinetheirnestswhenthey'vebeeninvadedbyticks.And,thosewhosenestsweregivenliveticksincreasedtheircigaretteendweightbyabout40percentmorethanthosewheredeadtickshadbeenused,accordingtoNewScientist.Thetechniqueislikelyaformofself-medication,theexpertsexplain,asit'sthoughtthatthechemicalsincigaretteendscanhelptokeepoffthepests.Whilethisbehaviormayhaveitsbenefits,theresearcherssayit'salsopossiblethattheuseofcigaretteendsinthenestscouldhavenegativeeffects."Itisamatterofconcernthatcigaretteends,beingpoisonous,arepartofhousefinchnestsinMexicoCity,"theauthorsexplaininthepaper,"butwehavenotcomeacrossevidenceoflong-termcostsofusingthismaterial."16

3Accordingtotheresearchers,athoroughevaluationwillbenecessarytodeterminetherealeffectsofusingcigaretteends,whethertheyarepositiveornot.Buttheyexplain,thefindingsdosuggestthatthecigaretteendsarelinkedtothepresenceofticksandlikelyplayaroleinkeepingthemaway.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"themix"inparagraph2referto?A．Theformernests.B．Theartificiallining.C．Thecigaretteends.D．Theoriginallining.9．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thefindingsoftheexperiment.B．Theapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Thetheoryrelatedtotherecentresearch.D．Thereasonsforhousefinchesusingcigaretteends.10．Whatdidhousefinchesdowhenlivetickswerefoundintheirnests?A．Eatthemout.B．Dustthemoff.C．Buildfirmernests.D．Usemorecigaretteends.11．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetothestudy?A．Skeptical.B．Conservative.C．Objective.D．Tolerant.DCarscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcomingdangers，scientistsclaim.Theultra-fastmobileInternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcouldmakedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.Severalcarmanufacturersarealreadyintegrating5Gintotheirvehicles,includingasatooltowelcomethecomingofself-drivingvehicles.Expertsbelievethehigh-speedconnectionwillalsoimprovethereliabilityandcapabilityofautomatedvehiclestothepointwheretheywillbesaferthanthemanualcarsbeingdriventoday.Theypredictthenumberofroadtrafficaccidents—whichaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)accountformorethan1.3milliondeathsandupto50millionpeopleinjuredworldwideeveryyear—willdropthoroughlyasaresult.DrDimitriosLiarokapis,amemberoftheresearchgroup,said:"Withthehelpof5G,anearlywarningsystemthatalerts（给……报警）driversispossiblewithinthenextfewyears.Carsthatarecloseenoughtothedangerareawillsendwarningmessagestoothercarsaroundthemusingshort-rangecommunicationtechnologies,butalsotocarsfurtherawayusing5G，fastandreliably.Thenthosecarswilltransmitthesameinformationto16

4carsnearthemandsoon,formingajoined-up,multi-vehiclecommunicationchainthatstretchesfarandwide."AutomotivegiantFordisalreadyworkingonconnectedcars.Earlierthisyearitrevealeditsintentiontofit80percentofits2020vehicleswithtechnologythatwarnsdriversaboutupcomingroadaccidents,badweatherandtrafficjams.Thesystempoolsdatafromotherconnectedroadusers,emergencyservicesandtheauthoritiesandsendsitfromtheclouddirectlytothecar.Alertsareshownonthecar'sdashboarddisplaywarningtiedriveraboutwhatliesaroundthecorner.12．Howcan5Ghelpreduceroadaccidents?A．ByofferingthefastmobileInternet.B．Byhelpingdriversovercomedangers.C．Byofferingpracticalsafetyprograms.D．ByhelpingWHOcalculatetrafficaccidents.13．Whatisthefunctionofthecommunicationchain?A．Totrackotherdrivers.B．Tosendwarningmessages.C．Tocollectdrivers'information.D．Tosendthetrafficsituationtothepolice.14．Whatcanweexpectofthecarsinthefuture?A．Theywillbesafer.B．Theymaybebigger.C．Theymayreplaceothervehicles.D．Theywillbemorepersonalized.15．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．CarsofFordarethemostintelligent.B．Warningmessagesareshownonphones.C．Fordisthefirstproducertouse5G.D．Connectedcarsareequippedwith5G.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Therearelotsofthingstopayattentiontowhenthenewschoolyearstarts.Althoughitisexcitingfor16

5students,thisyearlytransitioncanalsobe-abigsourceofstress.16Herearesomewaystomakeyourback-to-schoolexperienceassmoothaspossible.Getorganized.17Youcansetupasystemthatyoucanuserightfromthebeginningoftheterm.Somestudentsfindthatacolorfulbinder（活页夹）helpsthemkeepalltheirassignmentsinorder.Othersmightbenefitfromkeepingaweeklyplaninanotebook.Makeaschedule.Outlineadailyplanforschoolprojects,socialeventsandactivities.Makesureyourecordyourassignmentsinthesameplaceeveryweek.Next,wesuggestseparatingassignmentsintosmaller,manageablesteps,andthenorderingthosestepsaccordingtotheprojectduedate.18Finally,thesestepswillhelpyoulearnthetimemanagementskills.19Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotoensureagreatschoolyearistounderstandhowyoulearnbest.Somechildrenabsorbinformationbylistening;otherstudentsdobestwheninformationisconveyedvisually,throughchartsorillustrations.Remembertotakebreaks.20Astimegoesby,theyalsoseemtogetfuller.Don'tforgettobuildbreaksintoyourroutine.Evenatwo-minutewalkaroundthehouseorquicksnackcanworkwondersforabusybrain.Weallneedtotakemomentstoresetourminds.A．Identifyyourlearningstyle.B．Focusonthemosteffectivetime.C．Youcanjoinafamousorganization.D．Makesureyourstudyisfreeofthemess.E．Thebeginningoftheyearcanfeelgoodforeveryone.F．Luckily,youcandealwithitwellthroughsomeefforts.G．Youcanusetheplantomanagedailyhomeworkandstudytime.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Atsixteen,Iwasseriouslyhurtinmybackandhadanoperation.Elevenmonthsaftertheoperation,whileplayingbaseball,Itookonebad21andknewtheoperationhad22.SoIhadanotheroperation.EverydayIam23thateachstepItakecanbethewrongoneandthatIwillfaceanother24.Yet,inspiteoftheconstantfear,Ihavelearnedsomethingvery25.Theexperiencehastaughtmetoregarddifficultiesas26ratherthanreasonstoquit.16

6Ihave27playingbaseballthroughmyentirelife.Throughoutthelastthreeyears,Ihavetriedtoplaybaseball28,butIwasremindedthatIcouldn'tplayanymore.Tobeabletobeonthe29，Itriedbeingamanagerandscorekeeper.Mylastsummerwasspentwithoutexcitement.Icouldn'tdofunthingssittinginanarmchairsothatmybackcould30.Therefore,Ithoughtofmy31.Ihaverealizedmyacademiclifeisthe32．Iamnotthesmarteststudent,butIam33ineachoftheseacademicareas.34mybackinjury,Ihavelearnedtostudywithfocus.Mysecondgoalisto35thepreviousstate:beingathletic,strongandreadyforanychallenge.21．A．temperB．positionC．swingD．rest22．A．failedB．endedC．begunD．continued23．A．ashamedB．worriedC．confusedD．depressed24．A．chanceB．lessonC．surgeryD．punishment25．A．strangeB．toughC．pitifulD．important26．A．technologyB．motivationC．choicesD．solutions27．A．riskedB．regrettedC．abandonedD．enjoyed28．A．againB．tooC．firmlyD．easily29．A．wayB．teamC．lineD．list30．A．recoverB．surviveC．sufferD．tolerate31．A．achievementsB．wishesC．goalsD．experiences32．A．proofB．progressC．priorityD．process33．A．poorB．skillfulC．honestD．disappointed34．A．WithoutB．BesidesC．InsteadofD．Thanksto35．A．regainB．challengeC．practiseD．guide第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaplanstocompletetheconstructionofaspacestationandhave36putintooperationaround2022,saidZhouJianping,thechiefdesignerofChina'smannedspaceprogram,ataforum（论坛）37(hold)insouthChina'sGuangdongProvince.Thespacestatior38(design)toweigh100tonnesandaccommodatethreeastronauts,39couldbeenlargedifneeded,accordingtoZhou.“ThemaingoaloftheconstructionofthespacestationistoenableChinatobecomeacountry4016

7(independent)masteringthetechnologyforlong-termmannedflightinnear-Earthspace,andhavingthecapabilitytocarryoutlong-termmannedscientific41(experiment)innear-Earthspaceandcomprehensivedevelopmentandutilization（利用ofspaceresources,”42(say)Zhouatthe4thChinaSummitForumonHumanFactorsEngineering,whichwasheldatSunYat-senUniversityfromSaturdaytoSunday.ThespacestationwillbebuiltasChina'smainplatformforspacescienceresearch,43theintentionofmasteringthetechnologiesinconstructingand44(operate)largespacefacilities,thetechnologiesthatguaranteelifeandhealthofastronautswhooftenflyinorbit,andtheconstructionofa45(nation)spacelab,accordingtoZhou.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）你的英语老师布置了家庭作业。请按要求以做过的最有意义的事为题写一篇短文，内容包括：1．简介事情；2．陈述意义。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。TheMostMeaningfulThingIDid第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThefourthThursdayinNovemberiscalledThanksgivingDay,whichhasbeenoneofthemostimportantfestivalsintheUnitedStates.Thethemeisthankfulnessforpeaceandhappinessoffamilylifeduringthepastyear.Peopleusuallyeatroastturkeyandpumpkinpietocelebratetheholiday.TherearealwaysmovingstoriesaboutThanksgivingDay,Thoughthestorieshavedifferentleadingroles，the16

8topicsofthemarethesame:showingthesincereappreciationtotheirlovedpeople,suchasparents,siblings（兄弟姊妹），friends,teachersandsoon.IalsohaveamovingstorythathappenedonThanksgivingDay.Atfirstitsoundedlikeathanksgivingstory,butthemoreIreflectedonit,themoreappropriateitseemedforanytimeoftheyear.Thestorywentlikethis:whenThanksgivingDaywascoming，ateachergaveherclassaninterestingtask—todrawapictureofsomethingforwhichtheywerethankful.Mostoftheclassmightbeconsideredeconomicallydisadvantaged,butstillmanywouldcelebratetheholidaywithturkey,corn,pumpkinsandothertraditionalthingsoftheseason,likeallofthosesymbolsdrawnontheholidaydecorationsandgreetingcards,These,theteacherthought,wouldbethesubjectsofmostofherstudents'art.Allstudentsdrewtheirpicturesastheteacherthought,exceptoneboy—Peterson，Hemadeadifferentkindofpicture.Petersonseemedtobeastrangestudentintheclass.Asotherchildrenplayedduringbreak,heusuallychosetoquietlystandclosebytheteacher'sside.Theydidn'tknowwhathadeverhappenedtohimandnobodycouldguesshowPetersonfeltbehindhissadeyes.Hedidn'tliketoplaywiththeotherstudentsnortalkwiththem.Whenthelittleboywasaskedtodrawapictureofsomethingforwhichhewasthankful,hedrewahand.Therewasnothingelsebutanemptyhandonthepicture.Itwasdifferentfromotherpictures.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hisabstractpicturecaughttheimaginationofhisclassmates.Whenthechildrenwentontodiscussotherpictures,theteacherpausedattheboy'sdesk.英语参考答案阅读：1～3CBCA篇：本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了从纽约城到芝加哥的几种交通方式。16

91．C【解析】细节理解题。根据表格中Cost一栏的对比可知，乘坐巴士去芝加哥是最省钱的。2．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，人们可以在PennStation购买火车票。3．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，开车去芝加哥的最大好处是能停车欣赏沿途的风景。4～7ADDBB篇：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者曾经被大雪困住，无法外出。他从这件事中学到了对待人生应该持有的态度——乐观勇敢地面对困境。4．A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者有地方要去，有很多事要去做，但因被雪困住，感觉自己像是被软禁了。由此可知，当时作者是(despondent)。5．D【解析】推理判断题。文章前两段介绍了作者被大雪困住的遭遇，而文章第四段和第五段就如何应对困境进行了阐述。另外，第三段介绍了人们在现实生活中可能遇见的困境，属于过渡段落，起着承上启下的作用。6．D【解析】推理判断题。第四段介绍了两个乐观勇敢面对困境的例子。7．B【解析】主旨大意题。作者通过讲述自己的经历和所举的例子，告诉大家要乐观勇敢地面对困境。8～11BADCC篇：本文是说明文。研究表明家雀用烟蒂筑巢能有效地防御壁虱的侵扰，但同时这也存在一定的危害。8．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，这个团队创造的人工内衬是羽毛、棉花、毛发和烟蒂的混合物。而画线部分的这个“混合物”其实是指替换过后的人工内衬。9．A【解析】主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍了壁虱放入三种不同类型的雀巢的实验结果。10．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，当壁虱侵袭雀巢时，家雀会使用更多的烟蒂来筑巢。11．C【解析】推理判断题。文章客观描述了家雀用烟蒂筑巢的利弊，没有掺杂作者的主观情感，由此可知作者对此研究持客观的态度。12～15ABADD篇：本文是说明文。5G能帮助车辆快速地传播路况信息，让驾驶员提前了解潜在的危险，因此使驾驶更加安全。12．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，5G所提供的快速网络使驾驶员能知道前方的危险，以减少交通事故。13．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段可知，在5G技术的帮助下，一个汽车警报系统就可以建立起来。驾驶员将通过它来传递道路消息，从而形成一个联合的、多辆车之间的交流链(communicationchain)。14．A【解析】推理判断题。文章第三段及第四段介绍了配有5G且更加安全的汽车正在研发中，它们将在不久的未来来到我们身边。16

1015．D【解析】推理判断题。最后一段讲到福特公司正在研发连接性的汽车，而这些汽车和上文介绍的那些汽车一样具有传播道路信息的功能。由此推出，这些连接性的汽车应该也装有5G。16～20FDGAE七选五：本文是说明文。文章介绍了几个在新学期开学前做好准备的方法。16．F【解析】前一句提到“新学期开始前的过渡期可能会给学生带来压力”，后一句引出下文“这里有几种方法”。F选项符合文义，属于过渡句，句意是“幸运的是，通过一些努力，你可以很好地应对这些压力”。17．D【解析】本段主旨大意是“在开学前，把与学习相关的事情都安排好”，这也就要求学生做到“不能让学习杂乱”。18．G【解析】根据本段第一句可知，G项的“theplan”和上文的“adailyplan”相呼应。19．A【解析】本段主要讲了不同的学生有不同的学习风格，那么确定适合自己的学习风格就显得格外重要。这一点和A项意义一致。20．E【解析】后一句说到“随着时间的推移，人们开始对学习变得厌倦”，这和E项“一年的开始对于大家来说都是美好的”形成对比。21～25CABCD26～30BDABA31～35CCBDA完形填空：本文是记叙文。作者在16岁时，由于背部受伤，做了手术。从小热爱棒球的他几年内无法再打棒球。但他并没有气馁，而是从中悟出了要坚定自我，不放弃的人生哲理。21．C【解析】考查名词。作者术后11个月再次去打棒球，做出了一次糟糕的摆动(swing)。22．A【解析】考查动词。根据下文的“SoIhadanotheroperation”可知，这次手术失败了(failed)。23．B【解析】考查形容词。根据下文的“inspiteoftheconstantfear”可知，作者经常担心(worried)每动一下都会导致要面对另一次手术(surgery)。24．C【解析】考查名词。解析见23题。25．D【解析】考查形容词。根据下文可知，作者学到了重要的（important）东西。26．B【解析】考查名词。根据下文的“ratherthanreasonstoquit”可知，作者把挫折看成是前进的动力（motivation)而不是放弃的理由。27．D【解析】考查动词。根据下文可知，作者喜欢（enjoyed）棒球这项运动。28．A【解析】考查副词。手术后作者想再次（again）打自己喜欢的棒球，但被告知不能打。29．B【解析】考查名词。根据下文的“Itriedbeingamanagerandscorekeeper”可知，作者想再次归队（team）。30．A【解析】考查动词。上文讲到作者被告知不能打球，所以他整个暑假都坐在椅子上，等待背部手术后的恢复(recover)。16

1131．C【解析】考查名词。根据下文讲述的作者的两个目标可知答案。32．C【解析】考查名词。作者动了手术后，无法再打棒球，学业就成了他优先考虑的事(priority)。33．B【解析】考查形容词。作者虽然不是最聪明的学生，但他擅长(skillful)每一门功课。34．D【解析】考查介词短语。作者之所以能够专注学习，是因为(Thanksto)他做了这个背部手术。35．A【解析】考查动词。作者第二个目标是恢复(regain)状态，能勇敢地面对任何挑战。36．it37．held38．isdesigned39．which40．independently41．experiments42．said43．with44．operating45．national语法填空：36．it【解析】考查代词。此处的it用来指代spacestation。37．held【解析】考查非谓语动词。forum和hold是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。38．isdesigned【解析】考查语态。本句缺少谓语，且spacestation和design之间是被动关系。另外此处是讲述现阶段的事情，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。39．which【解析】考查定语从句。这个非限制性定语从句的先行词是Thespacestation，它在从句中充当主语。40．independently【解析】考查副词。这里应该用副词形式independently来修饰现在分词mastering。41．experiments【解析】考查名词单复数。experiment是可数名词，这里要用复数形式表示泛指。42．said【解析】考查时态。根据本句后面的washeld可知，此处应该用一般过去时。43．with【解析】考查介词。此处withtheintentionof…是指“目的是……”。44．operating【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据and前面的constructing可知答案。45．national【解析】考查形容词。此处要用形容词national修饰名词spacelab。写作：第一节：命题立意：本题要求考生以做过的最有意义的事为题写一篇短文。该情境基于考生实际生活，并融入了英语元素。该题很好地考查了考生的英语核心素养，同时也考查了考生的英语实际应用能力。参考范文：TheMostMeaningfulThingIDidThemostmeaningfulthingIdidwasthatIwenttoanursinghometodovoluntaryworklastsummerholiday.Gettingeverythingready,Iwenttothenursinghomewithmybestfriend.Uponarrivingthere,westartedtocleanthefloorandhelptheelderwashclothes.Theelderfelthappyandsharedmanywonderfulstorieswithus.Theexperiencemademerealizethatoldpeopleneedourcareandweshouldspendmoretimestayingwiththem，Fromthen.on,IdecidedtodovoluntaryworkmoreoftenandIlearnedalessonthateldersaretreasures.16

12一、评分原则1．本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、最后给分。3．词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。4．评分时，应注意的主要内容：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6．如书写较差，以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。二、各档次的给分范围和要求档次描述第五档(13～15)完全完成了试题规定的任务，完全达到了预期的写作目的。—覆盖所有内容要点。—应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。—语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第四档(10～12)完全完成了试题规定的任务，达到了预期的写作目的。—虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。—语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。—应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第三档(7～9)基本完成了试题规定的任务，整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。—虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。—应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。续表档次描述16

13第二档(4～6)未恰当完成试题规定的任务，信息未能清楚地传达给读者。—漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。—较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。第一档(1～3)未完成试题规定的任务，信息未能传达给读者。—明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。—较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。—缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。0未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无光或所写内容无法看清。第二节：参考范文：Hisabstractpicturecaughttheimaginationofhisclassmates.Whosehandcoulditbe?OnechildsaidthatPetersonhaddrawnanartist'shand，becauseartistsdrawgreetingcards.Anothersaiditwasapoliceofficer'shand,becausethepoliceprotectandhelppeople.Stillothersguesseditwasahandofparents,fortheygivehappinesstochildren.Thediscussioncontinueduntiltheteacheralmostforgottheyoungartisthimself.Whenthechildrenwentontodiscussotherpictures,theteacherpausedattheboy'sdesk.SheaskedPeter-sonwhosehandinthepictureitwas.Thelittleboywhispered,“It'syours,teacher.”Herememberedthetimewhenshestayedquietlywithhim.Hecontinued,“WheneverIgotintotrouble,youalwaysgavemeahand.I'mfullofthankfulnessforyourhelp.”TheteacherfeltmovedafterlisteningtoPeterson'swords.ShetouchedPeterson'sheadandcontinuedtoworkwiththetearswellingupinhereyes.一、评分原则1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。4．评分时，应主要从队下四个方面考虑：(1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；(2)内容的丰富性；16

14(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；(4)上下文的连贯性。5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。二、各档次的给分范围和要求档次描述第五档(21～25)—与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。—内容丰富。—所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不会影响意义表达。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第四档(16～20)—与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。—内容比较丰富。—所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第三档（11～15）—与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。—写出了若干有关内容。—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。—与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。第二档(6～10)—写出了一些有关内容。—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。第一档(1～5)—与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。—产出内容太少。—语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，自较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。16

15—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。0白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。16