历年全国化学竞赛初赛试题汇编

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⚪1988ᐰᓄ⚪ஹ15ᑖᨵஹஹஹᱥᱥ஺1
ᑏᡠᨵḄ#ᱥ$᜜&'()ᵨ+,-.Ḅ/01234஺2
ᑏ56-.7ᔜ9ᱥ:ᒹ<(=ឋ9ᱥ2+?56ᱥ7@ᱥ'()A+-.Ḅ/01஺Bஹ4ᑖ@CᙶᙠFGHḄIᑁKᙠLᓱIN☢஺$C᪷QR34(ST☢ULᓱIV)WᡈYZ[ᧇḄ஺]6^_஺`ஹ9ᑖabᙠcdN⌕ᵨfgᑺi◀bkᑁḄlmnᢞlfgᑺᵫLCnO,2NH42CC>3qᡂ஺stuvw10࠷,ᵨfgᑺy'⌕Az{NaOH)|}-.஺1
l?fgᑺ-.Ḅ/019ᱥ~V+=ឋḄ2
tuvw10࠷y,ANaOHZ|}-.ᑏ-.1஺ஹ17ᑖ3ᵨᐰ)■WIIyᙶᙠḄC_ᔣT᜜஺UᑁᨵᙠtᑖḄᔠᱥ஺᝞ᨵ¡/Z¢61£68%NaN3¤¥ᓄ§ஹ0-5%NaNO,0£5%◌©ஹ23£28%Fe23ªஹ1£2%SiC>2ªஹ2£6%«¬®vU¯ª°±A²ᡂ³N&ᙠ´ᜧ¶&¶·ᙠ¸¹T஺Iy&ºᙠ10»¼107¼ᑁ¾ᑡ-.¢2NaN=2Na+3N365࠷ᑖ-.ᙠº30»¼ᑁÀᡂ&ᑁᐙÂ32MÃÄᜧ&ÅCT஺ᙠ)NḄ100£200»¼ᑁ“Çᜫ”&ᡠ):ÊC-Ë&ÌyᑁḄ§ÍᡂÎᓄ§஺1
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×ᑁ·300gNaN,ᙠᐙÂØy&ᑁᨵÙzÚ1C²&300K
஺3×ᑁ²ÛÜᑮ4ᜧ²$yZ350K
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:஺=ஹ7ᑖCH
SiCl?@AᱥBᢵDឋCMbSiOHEFG99࠷
,Iὅῃ?ᡂ33CH33SiOSiCH3<,31ᑏ6CH32SiCb?@LMῃ?IAᱥḄ8᪀:N2
ᑏ6CHjbSiCbOPCHjSiCLa?@LMῃ?AᱥḄ8᪀:஺Qஹ10ᑖᑴᜓ+₝⏚UVIII
⏚WK3FeC2O/•3&OḄXY᝞[G\]6.5g₝⏚^VFeCO-2HO,_`ab10gKCO-HOḄ30cm?cde஺ᵫghi2422242᠒᠒ᐭ25cm36%ḄH2O,llᤅnLoᢝcdqrBs403tH2O2Iucd!vEᓽᨵFeOH3xy஺Bc@FeOH3ᐜ20cm3Hze2O4cd10gHCO-2HO2242ca?ᡂ100cm,cdᯠIᙠoᢝ~EḄᩩ[gH2c2O4cdᑮFeOH3“ᜫ”Bs5cm3H2c2O4cd⌕PḄ₝⏚஺de30cm3⏣q!.᪆6ḄOPᨔc@஺ᙠᨩᜐᓾᐸ᪆6KFeCO
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:஺ð/Äᵨíîᑺ¤ᘤñὅ»òó§஺(1)ôõᮞ?IḄêëN(2)V÷øùḄú⁐êëN(3)ỚḄêëN(4)ýḄêëN(5)ᵨþÿ⏚
Ḅ(6)Ḅ(7)⏚Ḅᑺ(8)Ḅᑺ“”஺ூ#ὃ%ᫀ௃(ஹ(1)3NaCO+Al(SO)+3HO=Al(OH)I+3NaSO+3COf*+,-⁐/01232432324223⍎5஺NaCO4-2HAc=2NaAc+COt+HO*+,26⍎5஺Na2cO3+G7H33coOH=2322G7H33coONa+NaHCO?;*+,78஺9ᱥNaHCO?ᑏᡂNa2co3,Na2cO31C|7H33coOH9ᱥ=CO,Na2cO31A1(SO)9ᱥᑏᡂNaHCOᙳ?ᑖ22433(2)CO,NaCO+CO+HO=2NaHCOA1(OH),A1(OH)+3HAc=Al(Ac)+3HO2232233332C17H33coONa,Ci7H33coONa+HAc=CHCOOH+NaAcI733AஹᓱCᙠEFஹᑷCH᣸5J⁐KLὅNOPQR=SᧇḄ஺QRᑖUVWXUᦪZ[\]RᑖUVWXUᦪ஺^ஹ(1)3Cu+2KCrO+12(NH)2CO=[Cu(NH)]CO+[Cu(NH)4](HCO)2+22743343332[Cr(NH)](HCO.,)3+2KHCO.,+7HOoᑏ`UaḄ?ᐰᑖ362(2)c\10࠷,efNaOHgNH3h᧕ᡂNH3,jklᔠN19ᱥVHCO3-nᔠNgo⊝qr஺3Cu+K2Cr2(D7+12(NH3)2CCh+1ONaOH=3[Cu(NH)]CO3+[Cr(NH.,)6]2(CO.,)+KCO.,+34325Na2cO3஺9ᱥCKNH?^+┯Nuo⊝Nᡷ1ᑖN9ᱥVᨵCO2x?ᑖ஺9ᱥVᨵHCO?(ᱥVOHyᦪZz{|N}~ao⊝ḄNxᡷᑖ஺ஹ(1)NaNsᑖN2N◌ஹSQᔾ▬N2ஹ.Fe,O,.gNaqᡂNa2஺(2)169.7(ᓣ)49.5(ᓣ)(3)6Na+FeO=2Fe+3NaO(4),,N,,N,N,U£,N,N,,N.XᧇNᒴஹ232(5)ᡂNgஹ᡽ᦣNNᡠ“ᐰ”ᵨ\Nxg2ᓣ஺¡ஹA.CH,OB.C4H8஺4C.CHOᶍ5n4464H>CCH,VfH,CH,CH,£ஹ(1)H,cj/ஹ/CH,Si-0¥¦ᡂ£ஹ§ᐗ©ª?2ᑖ(2)-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-ᑏc:C,/\/\CH,OCH,H,COCH,5¥ὶn᪀?3ᑖ஺ஹ(1)6FeCO+3HO+6KCO=2Fe(OH)+4KFe(CO4)3(ᵫ\ឋᡠPᨵ°2322224332ᑖFe(OH)3±ᡂ)2Fe(OH)+3HCO+3KCO=2KFe(CO)+6HO3224324324322.²=KsFeGOJ•3%0(ᡈ%KsFeGO஺)N´ᐝ¶᧕ᑖ஺3.²K3Fe(C2C>4)3´ᐝ¶᧕ᑖ·H2c᧕¸ᑖglᔠᱥẚ©NᡠPxºᵨ»6¼½Ḅ}¾g᪆5ᨔ6஺ᵨ»ᐭ[ÂÃ᩽ឋᑺ——Æ⏣NPÈcᑺᔠᱥḄ᩽ឋNglᔠᱥ(ÉÊ)ᙠÃ᩽ឋᑺVËÈc(zÌzXᳮ)nᨔ᪆5஺4.xÎÏ஺²±ᡂFeCO-2HOÐHVᨵ(NHJSO41H2so”H2sO4O⏚Ñ1QOÒ242

2(Ã⏚᪷)nᔠᡂH2c2஺4,ÈclÔ6C2(V(Ḅ¼ËNÕÖlᔠ஺ᙠ»Æ⏣H,(NHN2SO4Ë×ÈcN²ØᨵÎÙ᪆5(NH)S04ᨔ6Ng^₝⏚É⏚
ᨔ6xÛ஺.HNOj+2HSO=NO++2HSO+H0+HBO+6H,SO=B(HSO)^+2HSOJ+3HO24243334443+7L+HIO+8HSO=5I++8HSO4+3HO+32433Üஹ9.0X106mol•dm^3ᓝஹপᵨHC1ᡈHNC)3,CaCO,+2H+=Ca2++CO+HO22(2)ᵨ⏚,Fe(OH)+3H+=Fe3'+3HO32(3)ᵨKI,12+y=x(4)ᵨNaOHà〉â»,3S+6OH=^=2S2+SO2+3HO32(5)ᵨH2c2O4,2KMnO+11HCO=2KHCO+10CO+2Mn(HCO)+8HO42242422422▬,জ(äåæᑺOçÂḄNᡠPèᙠ⏚ឋéêVkëḄᩩíঝᵨï═⏚
ñ▭ᱥ=MnO”ὅ1H2c2஺4(×Oᙠ⏚ឋéêVkë)Ḅa=,MnO+3H2CO4=2Mn(HCO4)2+2cO2+2HO2222(6)Vó¼ËḄHNO3,3Ag+4HNO=3AgNO+NO+2HO332(7)ᵨ⏚,Fe(OH)+3H+=Fe3+4-3HO32▬,²=FeSO4VḄFe?+ô஺2(õ2)öᓄᡂFe(OH)3஺8.øᴻú“”O1Si஺û(øᴻV)ᦑNý¾ᵨåæᑺþX஺1989ᐰᓄ⚪•ஹᑏᑴᜓᓄᱥḄ(ᢥஹ……ᑖᵨᙳ)஺!ஹᑏᑴᜓ!"ᓄḄ(ᢥஹ#……ᑖ$⏚ᵨ&'•)஺)ஹ1.*ឋᩞᧇFezCh.ᵫFeSOa0ᑖ1ᑴ2஺ᑏ34஺2.ᙠ6⏚789KaFe(CN)6NaNC>2.2:NO஺ᑏ4஺3.ᙠ⏚ឋ789NaNO?KI.2:NO஺ᑏ;4஺ᢥ<ᑡ>?@ABCDE(1)ᐜGNaNOzHᐭ⏚ឋ78JKHKI,(2)ᐜLᔠKI⏚ឋ78JKHNaNOoNOὅᑴ2ḄNO:Q24.RᮞT2Uᓄ┛(CaS$)W⏚┛(CaSzO?),ᑏ4஺Xஹ᝞Z[\஺]ᓇ9_`a&H0ᵨ`bᘤᑁ_஺2,Uefᑁ_g`h>i8g☢ᢝl஺manᵯH0pq஺rᡂJpbᘤᑁtuឮwᑮhtu`Uef>i8g☢yᢝl஺1.ᵫDEz{|2ᑮ}~zQ2.hbᘤᑁ_ᡈN2O஺ᑖ᝞DEឮwᑮtu(⌕ᱥ')`Uf>i8g☢ᔲᢝl஺஺Uஹtஹ<)⁐A,25ஹ8090࠷2ᐸ᥅¢£¤ᑖ&58.0ஹ20.6ஹ20.0¥/᥅¢஺25ஹ80ஹ90࠷<ᔜ11dm3CH¨')©⁐ᑖ710dn?ª9`ᡂḄ78ᙳ«⏚ឋ஺1.⁐&¬2.ᔜtu<᥅¢£¤'Ḅ.|3.)78Ḅ'(®71J78tu¯')`ᐸ᥅¢$uḄ°±²³Q´ஹ1.ᑏFe(III)µᙠ789Ḅ¶·34஺2.ᨵ¹¤b`Fe(III)µ஺º஺3.½1.Ḅ789H¹¤¾`ᨵ}~¶·QOᙠ஺4.ᙠ¹¤2moi/dm^HCl789HFe(III)ஹµஹF,º¶·`¿.|DE2Ḅ¶·ᨵO'QÀஹᙠÁÂÃ(FeS2)ᙢÅ`ÁÂḄõ-Fe?`RÇ☄ᙠª9`⌲ÊË"ᓄ஺ᨵᐵḄ.ঝ|FeS+(),£♦St)r+Fe?+2(W1ঞ+஺2|r+FeS?()টFe3+WFe(()H)zw

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»ᑏª1Ḅ34ü<54ᑡN⚪஺1.<ᑡ>?9`þÿ
ᑮḄᮞজlmol/dn?CaCl50cm3Imol/dn?NaHPO30cm3ᔠᡠ
CaJ^PO
•5HO2242஺ᙠ80cm380࠷"#5$%஺ঝlmol/dn?CaCl250cm3lmol/dn?Na2HpC^Ocn?ᔠ'(ᙠ80࠷"#5$%஺2.ᙠ)*ᢥজ,ᑴ
Ḅ.ᱥ0Ca10P᥅341.5஺56Ca8H27PC8486ᨵ:᥅3;ᑖ4=>ᓄCaPO
OH
?543@ஹBᯠDEEFᙠGᨵHIᓝᑖᨵKLḄMNO⊤ᑡRSTᓄᔠᱥḄU᪀ஹᑖWXஹᑖWYZ[U᪀XᑖWXᑖWYZ[7\8(1)H-O-HHO181002(2)H3coHCHO32644(3)H3CCH2OHCHO4678260(4)H3cz-OHC2H4O260118□5
4ᦋ4CHO585636(6)HCCHCHOHc3HQ6097322(7)CH3CH2OCH3C3H8஺60111.ᑏ71
a7
ᓄᔠᱥḄᓄbcd஺2.efḄZ[ghijklmn⚪fN78I/ᓝஹᓄᔠᱥCH,CHY-C-OGH,pqᙠrstu⊤☢ᙠᦪxyᑁ{|}ᓄ~UᵨiḄᔠ஺1.ᑏᓄᔠᱥḄᓄbcd஺2.}ᓄUḄᓄbᓄᑏX஺ூὃᫀ௃ஹ1.Fe+S=FeS2.ᓄ4Ag+2HS+O=2AgS+2HO22223.W⏚Hg2+HS=HgS+2H+4.⏚NaSO+4C=NaS2242+4CO5.ᓄ2NaOH+HzS=Na2S+2H2஺¡ஹ1.¢⏚CU+2HSO=CUSO+SOt+2HO2.£¢⏚S+2HSO2442224=3SOt+2HO3.¤¥S+O=SO4.ᓄ¤¥2HS+3O=2SO2+2HO22222225.¦⏚§⏚NaSO+HSO=NaSO+SO,f+HO6.⏚#ᑖ¨2CaSO=2CaO23242424+2SOt+Of22©ஹ1.2FeSO4=FeO+SOf+SOf2.KFeCN
+NaNO+2HAc=KFeCN
+NO232346236tᓝKAc+NaAc3.2NaNO+2Kl+2HSO=2NOt+l+2NaSO+2HOª72
,2242242Ḅ.ᱥ«஺¬NaNOzᙠ⏚ឋ®¯ᑖ¨NONO2«4.3CaOH
+12S=2CaS+CaSO+3HO2s232°ஹ1.¥±.ᱥᑖW0¡²¤³W஺7´µ¶·ᐸSO?
2.¹º¥%»¼¯½☢ᢝ¿஺¹N?஺%SImolN?஺S|ᡂImolN,ÁÂmol¥᝱Ḅ¤ᓄᱥ.ᱥÄÅÆᜧ஺ᦑɼ¯½☢Ê˼¯☢஺Ìஹ1.HF2.HFiÍUᔠÎᦑ஺3.ᙠÏ®¯ᐸ᥅3¢ÐÎ425ஹ80ஹ90࠷
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=2Fe2++I7ᡈÓ⁐®¯஺22.Fe3\ÕÖᔠ×Fe3+¢ÐÙÚ஺3.¬FFe3+ÛÜ8Öᔠ׿⊝ᔣᙠßà஺Ó⁐á஺4.¬âH-|ᡂHF,×1Ḅ¢ÐÙÚãÐä´ᑭFe3+æḄÖᔠ஺¬çᨵ:YFe3,1Õ{|ᓽhµMáḄéÓ⁐஺\ஹ1.02FeS+7O+2HO=2Fe2++4SO2-+4H+®FeS=Fe2++S2~ঞ4Fe?+ᓝO2224222ᓝ4H+=4Fe3++2HO@FeS+14Fe3++8HO=15Fe2'+2S0?~+16H,ঠFe3++3H2O=222FeOH
+3H\2.FeS2ᔣFe0H83>ᓄ஺¬ìí%Fe3+îï¨஺ᓽðñঠòó3ট஺3.ঞFe?+p¤ᓄটFeS?ḄSp¤ᓄ஺õ⏚ឋ஺FeOHb®¨஺öஹ5CaHPO
-5HO=8CaPO
OH
+6HPO+17HO824625433421.2
¬71
ᣵRH3Poø2.56%>ᓄ@ஹ1.ஹᵬ⏣ஹû⏣ஹû⏚ஹüýஹü⏣ஹᵬûþ஺2.1
1ஹ2ஹ3ஹ4ஹ6ᓄᔠᱥᑖWÿᨵᡠᐸᓄ5ஹ7஺2
2ஹ3ஹ6ᱥᑖ஺3
4ஹ6ஹ7ᓄᔠᱥḄᑖ஺4O-HOᡂᑖCMCXCCH,ᡠ஺7!6஺3OH-
CNCH,CNII|ᓝஹ1.a-#$a%&'⏚)*+2.nCHCH-XXH-ECH-C---------3-.125COOC,HS1990ᐰᓄ⚪%ஹ,8ᑖ-ᓫ/01⏚2ᔠ,1
345ᡂ41⏚6Ḅᓫ/7ஹ஺,2
345ᡂᨬ9:ᓄᱥᡈ<:⏚Ḅᓫ/7ஹ஺,3
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5¾Ã8697.20.80ᑏ|ËÌÍrᓄᔠᱥᙠV¾0¾Ã¾A5Îᑖ34ḄsᔣÐஹ,10ᑖ-TÒs☢ÔÃ0VÕNH/0H3O+,ÛÜᑏH+-ÕNH2-0OH-ÕNH?—,ᨵJàᒹâN3--0-Õ஺,1-¼½ᙠ¾ÃA5ᑡBã34NH4CI+KNH=KC1+2NH+2NH1+PbNH=Phl+3NH?2242]ᑏ|ᙠV¾A5ḄíËB34ÕḄ34s}~஺,2-îᡂ¨ï²ᑡ34s}~,Mñò-M+NH3fMO+NH4CI-*M,NH--22õஹ,12ᑖ-¼½20࠷J:ᓄ┛Ḅ0.165À/100ÀVøᙠ@ḄB:ᓄnùún⏚┛ḄB:ᓄnùúû00.1390.982ÀCaCCh/10஺Àý00.00130.02230.109,c;Ca,40.0O,16.0C,12.0H,1.01ᵨᢝᓄ0.982"#$%ᐭ⛳()ᮞ+,-.ᡂḄ1⁐345ᔲ7ᐰ“:ᜫ”=ᙠ?@ABCDEF#ᑡEHIJ஺1ᵫ⏚┛(O⏚P6moi/LVᵨ.ᡂḄᓄWX%ᐭ⛳()ᮞ+YZᡠ\]ᑮḄEH_`,-%ᓄa.ᡂḄ34ᑮᨬc7ᐰ“:ᜫ”஺de.ᡂḄᓄf+gch%ᐭ⛳()ᮞ+YZᑣ,-.ᡂḄ1⁐34ᑮᨬcjkl7ᐰ“:ᜫ”mn=2⛳()ᮞ+opqrstᘤCvFqwaxcYZ⊤☢ᨵq|}~஺}~#ḄYZ᎔ᐭqtᘤCh%ᐭf+gvᓄᨬclZIJ஺d}~Dcᐰᑮ)ᮞ+YZChᢝ%ᐭf+gvḄᓄᨬclZᔩ=3.ᵨ〉+J⛳()ᮞ+YZchᢝ%ᐭf+gvḄᓄ_Jk$ᨵaᑮᨬclZᨵakᑮZ஺ᵨ+⛳()ᮞ+J?alᑮZ=vCᢝឤᓽ20࠷ஹ10ᑖ¢£¤0.50¦§¨65,ᢥ#ᑡ⌕«ᑖ¬p£®¯°±L²³°Ḅ±¨´◞qaxᑖ¬¶.ᡂ·¸Ḅ¹º஺10.50¦§+5¼ᓣ3᥅/ᓣ¿⏚20.50¦§+5¼ᓣ3᥅/ᓣ¿⏚+0.1¦Àᱏ30.50¦§+5¼ᓣ3᥅/ᓣ¿⏚+0.1¦ÀÂ40.50¦§ᓝ5¼ᓣ3᥅/ᓣ¿⏚+0.41¦ÄÅÆp0.1¦ÀABEHÇᐭ#⊤ÈÉABEHVÊ⌕Ḅ`ËÌ.ᡂ͸ḄÎ*.ᡂ·¸ḄÐ**(1)(2)(3)(4)*ᑖ¬Çᐭ`“᠒”“Ò”“ᨬÒ”“ᨬ᠒”ᡈᐸÕ**ᑖ¬Çᐭ`“ÆÖ”“ᨬ?”“ᨬ”ᡈᐸÕ×ஹ6ᑖỚᙠk$YᑺCᕈEÛ⁐ஹÜ⁐……qÞßYZᕈÛ⁐Ḅ⊤YIFḄ“Ớᑖ¨”Èà(Yᑺá.âḄᔠ஺äåk$#Ớᙠ)∑çCḄYZᕈÛ⁐ᡈÜ⁐஺èéaYZᕈ—⁐ëaYZᕈ_____⁐ᓝஹ6ᑖ2᥅íỚ1(3᥅íỚ⏚⏥10Ḅïᔠᱥᙠñ¿⏚C.ᡂIO2SC>4225dᙠáõ¿⏚Cᓄö÷HSO-SOCMSOJ஺cὅùú(+Ớ(£ᓄ243

6Ớ஺ᑏD.ᡂMSOJþᐸ(+Ḅÿ
஺H■■ஹ(8ᑖ)ᓄᔠᱥ(A)Ḅᑖ
CH»ᙠᓄᓄᔾᦈ1᥅Ḅ(B)஺(A)1016"ᓄῃ$✏&(C),(C)")┤⏚,-ᓄ./0ᵬ⏚Ḅ2ᡂ஺456(A)ஹ(B)ஹ(C)Ḅ7᪀9ᑏ6ᔜ<=>
஺ᓝ@ஹ(12ᑖ)4BCDEFᑡᓄᔠᱥḄHIJKLC6H.QHஹC6H5coOHஹCHNH,C6H5cHOA52ூUὃWᫀ௃(1)CuஹZnᡈᐸ_`(2)C,Pᡈᐸ_`(3)AlஹFeᡈᐸ_`(4)AuஹPtᡈᐸ_@ஹHSO3+1/2O=HSO;H2sO4⏚ឋoH2s03p2224qஹCaO+SO=CaSO`CaO+SO+1/2O=CaSO`CaCO+S0=CaSO+CO`CaCO2322432323+SO,+1/20,=CaSO+CO,`CaCO,^CaO+COᔾt(QJCaO+SO+l/2O=CaSOv42224t(Q)`CaO+SO=CaSO.,vt(Q)`wxIQ?IஹIQI{ᜧ}ᡈ~}IQj,JᵨCaO2233oᜫt஺ஹP0/JH+7ᔠ᧕`⏚ஹ⏚Ḅ~஺(1)ᜧஹᜧὅ{P(VJH+7ᔠὅ{AF+J0H7ᔠ஺(2)ᜧFe'+J0K7ᔠ஺(3)Fe(III)Fe(II)«ஹᙠBaCl+2AgNO=Ba(NO)+2AgClI`¢£Ba(NO)2+2AgCl=BaCl,`+233232AgNO3¤ஹপHOC1+KOH=KCI+2HOHC1+KOH=KC1+HO`3222HOI+PbO=Pbl+3HOᡈZHI+PbOuPbb+H?஺322(2)M+2NH3=M(NHZ)2+H2ᡈM+NH3=MNHZ+1/2H2`MO+2NHC1=MC1+2NH+423HO`M(NH2)2-MNH+NH3ᡈ3M(NH2)2-M3N2+4NH32©ஹ⛳J«ᮞ0.165X10/74.0X1=0.0223᥅/ᓣᓽ²2ᡂ0.0223᥅CaCO,ᙠ0.9823´FCaCCh0.109X10/100X1=0.0109᥅/ᓣ,0.0223>0,0109,ᡠ¸w²ᐰ஺প{CO?º6HC1»ᦑ஺(2)½¾{CaCCh¿«ᮞFÀ`Á½¾ẆÃÄÅvᐭw²Ç¢஺(3)0.0233/0.0109=2.14,ᓽÈ⌕Ê1.14ËÌÍḄÎÏ⛳J«ᮞ஺Ðஹ(1)ᨬ᠒Óফ᠒Ó(3)ÕÓ(4)ᨬÕᨬ(2)(3)(4)o(1)Õ{Zn-Cuᵯ×(3)(4)o(2)ÕCu☢Íᜧ,(4)o(3)Õ{Cu☢Íᜧᙳᒴ஺(4)Û2ZnÜᣚC/Ḅ=>஺Þஹ(1)ß⁐á⁐஺(2)â)ᑖãäᵨåæ஺ᓝஹ2k+310+5HSO=5(IO)SO+5HO`2I+3IO+15HSO«SO=5I(SO)+15HSO2524242225243243244I(S0)3+12H0=I+3I0+12HS04Oèé=>
ᔜ2ᑖ஺2422242ᓝ@ஹ}HC1Ḅ{C6H5NH2,2ᡂC6H5NH3CI`}5%(Î)NaHCChḄ{C6H5coOH,2ᡂCHCOONa`}ÎNaOHḄ{CHOH,2ᡂCHOna`²JCu(OH)2=>2ᡂCuO6565652Ḅ{CHCHO651991ᐰᓄ⚪ஹ(10ᑖ)1.ë-ᓄ¿FelCN^-JFe(CN)6**-Û2íîᓄᓽᙠ⏚ឋ¢ÁFeCN^-îᓄF&CN^,ðᙠñឋ¢òH2O2ÁFe(CN)6,-îᓄᡂFeCNVᑏ6óôḄõH
஺2.V2O3JV2O5ᢥw÷᥅oøᔠᢥCÛ2ùᐰ=>஺úûLᑴýþ6஺|3ஹV3O7VQ|7ᱥ᥅ᔜ

7ஹ8ᑖ1.0╅ᡂᓄ╅!"0.641
1஺╅ᙠ%&'()!"*+0.64,2
1.0╅-./ᛞᤴ'23!"40.2஺5671
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!89.0.64Ḅ;<஺=ஹ10ᑖ>ᓫ@FeஹCu-.FeChAB'CD⊝21
ᨵCuᒕHIFe
,ᑣAB'KᨵL2
ᨵFeᒕHICu
,ᑣAB'KᨵL3
ᨵCuஹFeᒕHᑣAB'KᨵL4
ICuஹFeᒕHᑣAB'MNᨵL5
OPQRSTUᡂVᔩᑖXYZᳮᵫ஺Qஹ6ᑖ]ᔠAgNOABKCrOAB_AgCrO`a஺bcdefmol-cm3
AgNOஹ324243K2GO4ABᢥhiᡠᑡlm]ᔠ]ᔠBnlmopq>rs]ᔠᡂAgzCrOa`aḄ8O᥅tuᐭhiw>xy“8”|}ᡂ|~Ḅᓽ>rs]ᔠᡂAgzCrCU8Ḅ|ᡂ஺᥅Ag2c—J—I—τ~τ—τߟτ~~τ—■τ—-1—V.51015202530354045......1___I___I___I___L__I___I___I___I___v454035302520151050cK,ஹ8ᑖ1.Opefmol4mf
K4FeCN6KzCrOK]ᔠlmopᡂAgFeCN
26`aᢥ⚪Q⌕7Ag?FeCN68Ḅ஺2.ᵨpefmol•dm"
NaAcK2CYO4ᡂAgAc`aMᢥo]ᔠ7ᡂAgAc`a8Ḅ஺'bᡂAgAc`a8ᨵ.ᳮ8஺;<ᙠAg,Fe

8ëஹ10ᑖìíî'Mïð_ñò·1,8IஹJ,5óôõhᑡöᑺḄøᱥ:1.ú8HBrL2.ú8Br?CCI4L3.eKM11O4ABûü஺ýஹ8ᑖO+
ᡈ·⊤
ᓄᔠᱥᔜᑺᔲAgNF2+KMnO,ANaOH4ᵬᵬ—ᓝஹ7ᑖHgFzᨵḄឋᓽ"ᙠ2moi•dm3HF$%&'80%,(ᡂHgOHF஺HgCb+,-.(᩽0Ḅ1ᵨ25C0.0078moi•dm3HgebḄ%31.4%4HgF?ឋ56,HgCbஹHgBr2Ḅ789:;H■■=ஹ11ᑖ>?⏚HOOCCH2coOH

APQioᐳCDAEFAḄᑖGHIEJᙳᑖGHḄ?LMAᑖNH2OஹN%(ᡂ>?⏚ஹ>?⏚O஺A஺2Pᔠ⍗RS.(ᰦU஺1.ᑏWAḄᑖGXY᪀X42.A[H2OḄX\J43.A[N%ḄX\J44.A]^=_ᓄᔠᱥ`ᢥb_ᓄᔠᱥcde஺ூgὃiᫀ௃=ஹ10ᑖ1.2FeCN
4-+HO+2H+=2FeCN
3-+2HO42FeCN
3-+HO+2OH-52262622=2FeCN
4^+2HO+Ot.lX2ᑖm\JnDᑖ6222.2VO+VO=VO|᥅pq:2VO
;1VO
45VO+VO=4VO᥅pq;25236325232523375VO
;1VO
;5VO+3VO3=2VO|7᥅pq;5VO
;3VO
252325282523lX2ᑖnsnDᑖ?ஹ8ᑖ1.ᙠIE$tu(ᡂvᓄ╅xᓄ╅஺3Mg+N=MgN2ᑖ232ImolMg(ᡂImolMgOyz16{;ImolMg(ᡂl/3molMgaN2-yz9.3{஺2ᑖ2.:IEn|}~%&◀(ᡂMg?ஹஹMgO᜜2ᑖᑖMgᵨ$SiC>2.(ᑡ஺3Mg+AIO=2Al+3MgO4SiO+4Mg=MgSi+2MgO42Mg+SiO=2MgO+Si2ᑖ23222ஹ10ᑖ1.Fe2+,Cu2+ᨵFe3+ᑖᔜ1ᑖ;2.Fe2+1ᑖ43.Fe2+1ᑖ44.Fe3+,Fe?+ஹCi?'ᔜ1ᑖ45.◀2᜜ᡂ1ᑖ஺ᐸ$1HḄFe0.5ᑖ42$ᨵFeᒕᨵCu1ᑖ43MḄCuஹFe1ᑖ44-HḄCuஹFe0.5ᑖ஺V^AgNO,VAgNO,VK,CrO,VTeCCN,1.2.2ᑖᶍ4AgAc+%ᜧᙠ+ᱥᑡ$2ᑖ஺ஹ12ᑖ1.1X1000X0.95X0.02X22.4X10123/32.0X14X103=950ppm6ᑖ2.0.18X0.95X106x24X365X0.9X0.8X0.035=3.78X1
4ᔴS
X=1.56X1
3ᔴNHJSO4L5ᑖY=2.O3X1
5ᔴ,CaSO4•2m01.5ᑖZ=1.65X105ᔴ,70%H2s%L5ᑖஹ10ᑖ1.Cr2஺+4H2O2+2H+=2CrO5+5HzOH5ᑖ;4CrO+12H+=4Cr3++7O52+6H2O1.5ᑖ4XZCnO??=+802+16ᵪ=4;¡+702+16q02ᑖ

92.lcm30.020mol,drr?¢0.020mmolKCrO77
A0.80mmol஺2ᑖ223.v
=O==O—O—£v¤FACr
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2ᑖHgBr2%³´⊤5HgBr2qHg஺³ᵯ°ᡈHg?+AḄ¶Ḅᐳ·ឋ,Hg2+C¸HgBr?³+2ᑖH-=ஹ11ᑖ1.CO
2ᑖO=c=c=c=o
2ᑖ322.C,O+2H,O=HOOCCH,COOH
2ᑖ23.CO+2NH=HNOCCHCONH
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1ᙠÝ(ÞḄßàᨵ=ÌáâãÑäåæß$Ḅçá°GÐÑèéᡂÑäḄê♆7
ᵨFez஺?ᩭ⊤ᐸ$Ḅáíᩭîïðᩭñᡂáò4óôᵨ⏘3öᓄᑺḄḄ÷=ôᱥCO2,Ñᙠíèéᡂᨵøᱥ7ᵨᵬᩭ⊤ᑏW\JḄ°GÊËX஺
2ᙢᳫᓄÉûᵨüýþü¾òÿ
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45ᑏ378Ḅᓄ:;<஺>3⚪10ᑖᱥBCDCUSO5H2஺E(FGᐭᙢJ⍗ᑮKFeSz,LMNOLCihSḄ12PᩭRS./TᑮḄ4UᑣWᐭXYZᕡ\]^_`a⁐ᕈd⏚ឋᙠᨵḄghijᑮklᐹᨵdῖ⇨ឋḄᙢJpqrG3ᙢ☢tu./iNᵨwxᓄ:;<ᩭ⊤z5ᑏ37{Ḅᓄ:;<஺>4⚪10ᑖᑴᜓU~U⏚Ḅ;wᓄUUᓄ4⏚᥅21Ḅᔠ஺ᙠ./<%ᐜᡂK⁐Ḅᐸᐜ⌲ᯠ⌲ḄpHᑮ7'$FY⁐./¡¢£ᡂ஺᝞¥¦§ᐭᓄUḄpHᑮ5,,ᨵᱥ¨3©஺ᑏ34Nt©ªᨵᐵḄᔜx7Ḅᓄ:;<஺>5⚪10ᑖ®2.5¯KCIO3°±²F³´ᓾḄ┵·%¸ᐭ5.0¯ẆºḄH»¼ᐭ3cmᙠ45ᑖ½ᑁ^¿À₩ᑖᢇ¸ᐭ9ÃlOcn?ÄHC1,Åᑮb£ᐰÇᜫÉÊ᦮x./<Ìᢝᙠ40࠷NJ஺M┵·²F³%´ᓾTᑮÏK⁐ḄᨔA஺MA²FÑJḄÒḄ5Ó%-©AᨵᓣÕ©ªᵨÖ×ḄKI—Ø°5ÙᙠÓÚÛÜ5ÙÝÞ.#Ḽ5Ó²Fá%ᨵKa⁐ḄâᡂÓᑁḄ⌲Ýᡂãä⁐஺MAᑖå4KI,Na2s2O3,H2sæ./ᙳ✌ᐜᡂé⏚ឋḄKM11O4iMA

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ᔠḄ65cm3,ᓄᒕḄḄ45cm3஺ᡠᨵḄᙠ᪗᝱
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AᡠUḄᓄᔠᱥVWXYZ[,*T-2
YZVWḄᓄ^_`abᔠᡂᓄᔠᱥA?ᑏ_`ᱥ,ᐸNḄᨵ>ᱥᵨP᪀)⊤S-஺*8⚪,10ᑖ-fឋgḼᑺiKj⏣iK⏚KjmnoឋfpᑴrḄ஺,1-ᑏiKj⏚ḄP᪀)஺,2
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᜜ßàᙠ•%□C¨•%▢C,¢ὃ⇋ᑺᔠᓽºᔠḄᡂᑖ-æçÃḄèᦪ«4T1,□Cßéèᵯ₹஺ᵯᵯpᙠ□᩽¡᪆Ìᙠ▢᩽¡᪆í஺ᵨaº¬ᙠºNᵯCḄPbhîᑴḄPbkḄºᩭï!A,ðᑮñò¦AḄÐ⁐óôõ¦§ḄÌᐰ|bÊUÌḄ÷)᪆஺øùᑡÂ⚪T1-ᑏANḄᵯp9Ḅᓄ^)2
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27Ḅ¥Ḅâã——^_:äåãâᔣ_ç஺⌱ᨵ¡EXY¢ᓄ¢ḄS•TḄᓄ¢ᔩi¦⚪§áé☢ëå⌱Ḅᓄ¢Ḅ¾Ḅὃí஺¦⚪§î¡E:¢ᓄ¢Ḅïᯠðñ@òÇNᡂe⚪஺U᝞@ᵬFḄóᓄ@¢ᓄ¢ᦟõö:ᨵḄ@¢ᙠ¢÷ø:N:eYgùúNᑮûãḄó_ᵬFiᯠ@rsòᨵRüýḄgäãåãḄþ᳛:ᔲ
⚪ᨵ4ஹ5Ḅ!"ᱥ$2%&'()*+,ᨵ6&A-஺/0ᵨ-3!"ᱥ4ᓄᑮ73!"ᱥḄ89ᩭ;<,ᨵA=ᡂḄB1?B2@ABᓄ(Cᐳᑮ47!"ᱥE)ᑖ᪆HIᡃK,MNᓄOPQ&RSᨵT᜜VWXTᚪZ〉\⊡ᐙẠḄ,☠ᢥbOᓄOᜧdefḄTᚪᦟO&h)ᙠPQbjklḄ஺ᯠ/ᙠT᜜VWn⊡ᐙḄᓄO,▲%bOᓄOḄpᯠ"qr◤⌕ᜧu⊡ᐙᜧOᓄOᩭvᑮᜧOᓄOwxyz{Ḅ|}஺ᡃK~⌕PQḄᜓbOᓄOᐰᙢ⌕O"ᜧuḄᜧOᓄO஺nᙠ“”Ḅ⚪஺᝞“”◤⌕MNPQᦟḄᐳ஺ᙠᨵ2ᐰḄᔣ&⌕ᓄOPQᐰᙠbOᓄOᜧdḄ|}&⌕PQᙠuḄ|}ḄẠ஺ᡃKḄ¡¢&u£bOᓄO|}☠¤&¥(¦,ᢥbOᓄO|}efPQ§&ᡃ¨ḄbOᓄO|}(ᢣZᓣO⚜ᜓᦟḄᓄOT®Ḅ|})°±¨▭bOᓄOᦟvᑮḄ|}ᙠy³“☢ᔣµ¶”Ḅ·Ḽ¹,ᙠbOᓄOẠᓄOPQᙠ▤»&(fḄ஺ᡃKḄ&¼ᙠᡃK½¾bḄ“¨▭bOᓄOḄ|}”Ḅ¿ÀḄᓄOPQZTᚪᦟOḄÁÂ?⊡ᐙ஺2.100.0gÃ|ÄÅᓄÆÇ%100.0g|஺ᙠTÈÉFtJÊÇËᵯÍÎ1=6.00ÏÐᵯÊÑÒ10.00ÓÑ஺ᵯÊÔÕÈÖ×ØÙT,ᑖÚ᪆ÛḄKOH2°0ÜÝÞßᒕáÇËḄCâu164.8g஺ãÈÉä100gÈ/࠷0102030ÇËbÃ|ÄÅᓄÆḄâuE(å⊤)஺ÈKOH/g49.250.852.855.8T,çÛèé®ᨬÞèéÔë,⌕îᨵᦔᦪñ஺(15ᑖ)òE¢óôõᦪF=965X104C/moLX§öâuEK39.1H1.01O160ூø᪆௃(1)ᡃKCúᡃ¨bO"°¨▭bO"}ᙳèé¦ü☢ᡃKýþÿ⌕ᙠᓄᜫᐸḄᓄḄ᝞!"#$%Ḅ&ὃ(ᨵ*⌼ឋ-./0Ḅᓄ12345ᑮ789:;<=>?ᳮABCDEᔠḄ&ὃGGH9IJ⚪Lᨵ⚪஺ᯠ9ὃ5OIᡃQQ▭SJ⌱UḄ0-VWᨵXYZ[\]^_H“ab┯d”9fᑖ——᝞┯iᦪkᑡmnopᐜrsᨬuvwnoᨵᦔᦪyḄz{ᑏᦪy}-~dkᵨᘤGG——H9ᙠIJ〉ᙢᓄ஺(2)⚪ḄḄᑖᓄᨬᜧḄ-----(EᨔḄ9¡"¢£ᱥᳮḄᵯ¦EᔠḄ§i¨⚪Ḅ©ᔠ஺ªᨵ⌱U«¬kᑮ®ZU஺⚪Ḅ"¯ẚ±£²ᵯ³´ᱥµ¶ᑖi·⌱U¸os¶ᵯḄE¹஺¡¶º»£ᓄḄ¼½஺¾¿ᨵÀ¶ᑖiᕖ·¡◤⌕kÃᐳÅὑiÀᵯ¦஺¡ᱥᳮḄǼ½(ÈÉ_ᦪᙠᓄ⌕Ê)²10.00Ì}6.00ÍÎÃᐳÏÐᵯ¦Q=It=216X103cÑ2.24molᵯÒÔᵯImol◤ᵯÒ2"ᦑᨵlÖ2molᓽ20.1g¶ᵯ஺(3)ᒕÙÚḄõ¦(200g-164.8g)¼ᨵ35.2gᱥµÛ«Úᐸᨵ20.1g¶ᵯᵫݪosEᨔḄKOH-2H,OḄµ¦»15.1gEᨔḄKOHḄµ¦»(15.1g/92.10g/mol)•M(KOH)=9.2gEᨔḄµ¦»(15.1g/92.10g/mol)X2M(H2O)=5.9gᒕÙḄÚḄµ¦ᑖᦪÞ»m(KOH)/[m(H2O)+m(KOH)]=551ß(àᶇ1âᨵᦔᦪy)஺(4)¨⚪Ḅᨬã⌕Ê£ᵯäḄå஺᪷ç%☢ḄEéÔ100gÚᨵ55.1gKOH,ᑭᵨ¨⚪ësḄᦪç(⊤)o¼T¸ᙠ20í30࠷ï஺¡££ð£ñᫀᕖ·¸óôõoᑮ¡"å÷ðªëᑖ஺ø⚪ùḄ£å9£å÷HÝúᨵÊsåûüᐰ1ᔠ⌕Ê஺ÊḄþÈ£²ÿ
ᕈឋᐵᑣT=[273+20+(55.1-52.8)/(55.8-52.8)X10]K=301K(28࠷)

28⌱ᑮ⌕!஺#$%&Ḅ(Ạ*+ᙠ10࠷Ḅ.ᑁ0ᕈឋᐵ஺%+1*2⚪ᨬ5ᫀ⌕!Ḅᨵᦔᦪ:;ᦪᨵᐵḄ஺<⌕!=>?@ᨵᦔᦪ:ḄᱥᳮCD஺᝞F=>G2⚪ᨬ5HIJ”ᨬ5&LFM⌕!N;ᨵᦔᦪ:“᪷2⚞<RST%+1஺*U⚪VW!ᙠXYZ[\ḄU⚪]1——[\_=`a஺bᯠᦪdᨵe;ᨵᦔᦪ:f&LFgM◤⌕2;ᨵᦔᦪ:<ᐕjᵨH%⌼ᡂnoᨵᦔᦪ:p.Ḅqr&`a஺*s(2Ḅ_=tᑣ஺_=uvwx[\%yz{|஺yz*}J*⌕ᐹ[Ḅ஺ᨵḄV$%⌕!஺%0Ḅz0᧜_=uv᪗ḄN%஺_=`a_=]1_=᝱ஹCzḄuvMS*<Ḅឋᦟ=*yzᦟ஺3.ᔠᡂḄᨬ¢ᐗy*112¤¥*ᵨ^ZnSt¦§¨ᘂPbḄ☰¦«¬᪶®᪶ᰚᔠf@஺_=°±o²³´ឋᐗyḄHᑡ⊦·Ḅ¸ᱥ¹º¥Ḅ»ᙠ¼ᐳM¾¿Ht¦஺²t¦ÀÁ⊦·Â³¿HSæᨬ5@ᑮÄÅƺḄÇ100¤ᐗyÈḄÉ153Z¦Ḅ;y஺(7ᑖ)(1)112¤*ÇÌᕜ
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Z[M56wḄI7ᡃ⌱Cr(OHbRḄ:ᱥᑏḄᐸ:ᱥa᪵89ᦪᐵ)3SO2+2CrO2^+5HO=3SO^+2Cr(OH)+4OH_3᥅JSCV-2᥅JCrfV34243M32=xḄ᥅JᦪḄ᥅Jᦪ=2x/33SO^+8CrO2-+17HO=23426SO2-+8Cr(OH)+10OH-3᥅JS2O.9-8᥅JCrOMᳮ8438y/3=Ḅ᥅JᦪAMᦑᨵ2/3x+8/3y=80.00mLX0.0500mol/L2ᦪU56ὶ4ᓽ8Wx=2.0X103moly=1.0X103mol(4ᑖ)(3)_Ḅ¡¢c(S02")=2.0x]02mol/Lc(SO2-)=1.0x102mol/L(4ᑖ)஺323£〈ᑖ`¥¦§¨ᡃ©ªᜧ¬Ḅ¥/®¯°t⌕²³´µ¶஺4ᑖ·¸¹º¸¹s»$☢Ḅ½¾Cd¿uᨵdឋtRhὅªᳮÂᑖgὅÃ+ᢈsᑖ஺(4)Å⚪ḄᦪÆᳮÇḄᵨÉÂᦪÆvUlᨵᦟˬÌÍ▭ÏÐÑ/ÒhὅÅ⚪ḄÓ⚪sᨵ¬
⚪7¢ÔᵨÕᳮÇᦪÆᔲាo8ØÙᵨÕÉÂᦪÆᡃÍUᑭᵨºo8¦஺5.Û⏚ÜNa2WO4EÝ,Ûᙠ◞àáâḄᩩäåNæ8ᑮLᐹᨵÝ,ᐝêḄஹì⁐ḄஹᨵîᵯឋḄðñᓄUwNaஹWO3,ᵨXòóôòXÂ8LðñḄ45ᨔöḄ÷øa=3.80X10H0m,ᵨd²ùXÂ8¿Ḅú¢Rd=7.36g/crRûüv_ýBCW183.85,Na22.99,016.00,þÿ
ᦪL=6.022X10"moL஺ḄᡂḄx஺ᨵᦔᦪ),஺(12ᑖ)ூ᪆௃(1)"#
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ᦪḄij)-᝞k•(ᨔTlḄmnᦪopqᓄ%Q⊤sḄmnᦪ(Z=l),tuUvwqtᱥyḄ᥅{y|M_஺᝞kZ}wq1,uUdVLpᯠwqZM஺ᙠOJKLM-d,V,M$9=-"#
ᦪḄ@ឋ஺⚪$()⌕JKLMḄ⌮-$-ᑭI:ᓄ%ᡂḄJKLM஺(2)⚪ᡃNaWO(ᓽ☘⚪ᨵ})qLᨔD-ᨔTx3a=3.80X10-'0m,wqvᡃᨔTUVR.£=5.49X⚪_GHdB"#
ᦪL,V¤:ᑮRdVL=7.36X103kg/m3X5.49X10-29m3X6.022X1023moP1=243g/moloᯠ⚪¦§ᨵᡃZ=?,§ᨵᡃNa*WO3Ḅx=?v⌕¨©Ꮇ«஺$¬⚪Ḅᐵ஺®⚪Z¯h0•°%LM஺⚪±@⌕-v$ὃ²%³ᔲ⚞¶⊤·(°%LM(¸O¹_ᐰ⚪1»Ḅᑖ)஺✌ᐜ-⚪ᡃ¾☘$¾⏚ÀᵨÁÂmḄÃᱥ-vᡃxO=ᜧqÅ-Æq2஺ÇᐜᎷ«h1-ÈᎷ«Z=l,ᑣ:RZM'=M(W)+3M(O)+M(Na)=254.84g/molZM-ÊdVL¸Ë-̱Z=1ḄᎷ«$Í@Ḅ-VxḄÎ}⌼ᡂᡂÐḄÑÒ஺q$v¤ᵨdVL=M(NaxWC>3)ḄᐵDQx,:ᑮx=(243-183.9-48.0)/22.99=0.48(ÇgÓÔ:ᑮ0.49,⚪⌕2ᨵᦔᦪ-:ᑮ0.48ᡈὅ0.49$Í@×ᫀ)஺6.ᓄᔠᱥC$³®ÛÜÝᙠḄOᱥy-ÞḄZßᔠᡂL_M$R(1)ᙠáᓄᑺÝᙠãᵬ⏣Êæçèé:ᑮA஺(2)ᙠáᓄᑺÝCH=CH-N(CH)OH233ᙠãêëìíçèé:ᑮB஺(3)ᙠîÝᙠãABBèé:ᑮC஺CḄῃîÃᱥḄð᪀᝞ãRᑏCḄᔠᡂèéḄᓄ%LQ-AஹBஹC⌕ᵨð᪀Q⊤ô஺(10ᑖ)ூ᪆௃(1)(⚪õöḄᱥyC$÷ø(choline)஺÷ø$O)⌕Ḅùúᱥy-$³ᱥûᱥy——ýᾦḄᑖnð᪀Ḅ)⌕ᐗ஺
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⚪ᨵᙢFᔠᡂA1BḄ()Gᨵᑏ()ᩩCH=CH-NJCHKOH233

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⚪9:Ḅῃw4ᱥ——^:(neurin)Ḅ|᪀(2)R⌕_᪷^:Ḅ|᪀᎔——(i)^:w*ᑮPQwᑖᯠ8ᑮḄ஺᝞ᢥ᯿C=CḄᡂ£ᑣ,OH)¦ᑮ7;Ḅ§r¨©RªḄ8⌮ᔣᳮo8®Ḅ^:%wḄᡂ()¯°_)¦ᎷU²-ᨵ3³lḄ´V——ᙠ´§¨ᡈ7;Ḅ§¨;HO-CH2—CH2TN(CH3)3OH஺¿ᯠ²-ᙠ´Ḅ|᪀À8ÁÂ0ᨴ.....SiOH-----JḄÃ(iii)eὶÅA1BḄᔠᡂ()H2(B)(CH)N(A)*---ÂÆA1BḄ|᪀ÇὃÈÉ᝞!33Nf)¦ᢣḄ8᝞Êqὅ̲CH2cH2CH30H-ᢞᙠ7;Ḅ§r¨)8ÁÂÝᫀF8ß)Ḅ8>?Aᓄ)*ᑮ>à஺>àḄὶ-ᡂáâ*ᑮR,3|᪀஺¯SÊq⌱\ob⍝9:Ḅ|᪀É஺³ä°⚪ḄÝᫀåᶍR,çR8è⚪éḄᜫë஺ᡃíSRa⌱\ᨵ*ᑖîᑮïä஺è⚪éḄR,ᜫëðñᑤó>?AᓄḄᓄᑺRrõ8ö÷øùúᓄ_()஺Ýᫀß(ᓾSb⍝9:|᪀ÉḄ⌱\ᓰáü஺(3)³ýR⍝
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dᐰfU◤hP11ᓣjklmP᝱ᾦSUnᔠᱥpq5࠷,&atuᑮw&aḄ0.933{஺>ᑏ@#KLᾦSUḄ}᪀
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36ØÙ3Ûᵨåæå⏚è᪗³ÝÞé×ØÙ2Ô;ᡂḄỚ஺ᨵᐵḄÖ×ᦪë᝞]Û1ÛNa2s2O3ÝÞḄ᪗×஺ì25.00mLKK)3᪗³ÝÞ174.8mg-L')îGKIᙠ⏚ឋïðÔᵨNa2s2O3ÝÞé×ñὑ12.45mL஺2Ûì20.0࠷]ôõ᪵103.5mL,ᢥ\÷Ö×ØÙé×ñὑNa2sz஺3᪗³ÝÞ11.80mL஺øùúû]Ḅ⛳ýÕo9.08mg-L^'o3.ᙠ20.0࠷]þÿ
5ᜩḄ᪵102.2mL,ᢥὑ⏚᪗6.75mLo1.ᑏ☢3ᡠḄᓄ!"#$%&஺2.()᪗Ḅ*+(ᓫ.mo/ᔆ1)஺3.()12᪵34Ḅ56(ᓫ.mg[T)஺4.()▰᪵34Ḅ56(ᓫ.mg[T)஺5.89:;<᪵ᐹᨵ?@ឋBCூE⚪GH௃J⚪KL3Ḅ4ᑖᡂ3OPQ஺RSOPQT4Ḅ3O"#஺U⚪VRSO"#WḄXYZ[ᐰ]^XY_`aᳮE⚜(ᡠᨵ#Uὅe#ᑏfᓄ!$%&஺U⚪VRgO"#ḄXY`[ᐰ஺hᨵ;"#Ḅ⏚iឋᩩk஺#Uὅ#V"#Ḅ⏚iឋᩩklᑨn஺ᑨnḄoẠTqhᙠiឋᩩkstᔲvwᙠCxyz3!ᓄ!{|Ḅ}ᵨ஺ᯠ᝞:!ᨵMn(OH)2ᙠiឋZ᧕4ᓄḄ{|ᓽᙠiឋMn(IV)TMn(II)vḄ᝱⌕ᙠiឋMnO(OH)2Mn(OH)2ᵨx᪵ḄᑺTa8Ḅ,hᨵxᐭ{|]ᓫ☠3!{|¢tl£¤ᑨn஺R3O"#¥¦3!{|ᙠ§ὃU⚪8XYḄ©&ª3Q«⚪¬¢®T“°3!{|”²]^³`ᓫ´µ3!ᓄ!¶J·ᩭὃ¹º{|»¤yz“¼⌕”{|T6ᑖ᪆¾ᦪᨬ¼⌕Ḅ"#ÁSº«⚪¬T“〉+Ḅ”Ḅ“`ÄÅz3!ᓄ!”Æ8l!¢ᨵ{|ᩭ⌕Ç஺RgÈᑖT6ᑖ᪆()஺᪗*+()ḄoẠ✌ᐜT"#3n(IOf)qn(I)qn(SO2223S)(᥅Ì)Í⚪ᐸQTcV=cVḄᐵÐ&஺RSO"#`ÑᑏÒÓḄᓄ!$%&ÔƤ஺ºU⚪ÕÖ⌕Çᑏ$%&஺ᑏ$%&ᯠ<¤×زÙÚḄ#UÛÜ஺4Ḅ()ḄᳮÝ{|»[ᐰÞß஺RàÈᑖTὃ¹3!V3Ḅ4Ḅá{|஺´yâ|ὃ¹஺ூãᫀ௃1.1q2Mn2++O+4OH~=2MnO(OH)(1ᑖ)2q2+MnO(OH)2+4H+22=Mn2++I+3HO(1ᑖ)ᡈ3+MnO(OH)2+4H+=Mn2++b-+3H2஺3qk+222i+so2-(iᑖ)BEi_+2sO32-=3r+so2-4632462.᪗Ḅ*+q9.841XlO^molL^'o()ª%qc(IO-)=174.8X103gL-'/214.0g-mol3-1=8.168X104molL1(1ᑖ)c(SO2-)=6Xc(IO")XV(IO.,")/V(SO32_)=6X8.168X1023324molL'X25.00mL/12.45mL=9.841X103molL1(3ᑖ)3.12᪵34Ḅ56q8.98mg-L()ª%q103.5mL᪵34Ḅ56qn(O)=0.25Xc(SO2)XV(SO2")=0.25X9.841X103mol-L'X11.80X103L=2.90310223235mol456qp(O)=2.903X105molX32.00X103mgmoP7103.5X10-,L=8.98mgLH(3ᑖ)2çq12᪵Ḅ4⛳Ý+=(&98/9.08)X100%=98.9%4.▰᪵34Ḅ56:5.20mgL-Io()ª%q102.2mL34Ḅ56:n(O)=0.25XC(SO23XV(SO2~)=0.25X9.841X103mmol-mL'X6.75mL=1.66X10~2mmol22323456qp(O)=1.66X10-2mmolX32.00mg-mmoF1/102.2X103L=5.20mgL1(32çq▰ëì4Ḅὑ6=8.98mg-LT-5.20mg-LT=3.78mg[T5.⊤<᪵wᙠ4ឋ(ᡈî4ឋ)ïᱥ(1.5ᑖ)ᡈὅwᙠt4ḄឋᱥB(1.5ᑖ)(ᐳ3ᑖ)çq³()9:£¤òó£¤()ª%ᙳfõᑖö³*+÷┯ù,úû()ª%³ᐵÐ&£¤ü)┯ùWýᑖ஺ூþÿ௃ὃ1.Ḅὅᡂ2⍝ᙠ⏚ឋᩩ!"#$%⚪'(ὅḄ)*Ạ,-./01$2ᵫ456)7⌕9:.;<ᶍḄ⏚>ឋ?᪵ḄA*ẠឋḄ)B:CᐭẆF஺2.HIJ2s2O32-+k=S4O62+2ᔆḄ)LᜓN3OPḄQᱥᑏᡂS+S(V-,UVᑏWXSO?஺?YH

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MnCO
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,$⏚⏚ᓄ஺&'()*+,ᐰ.$ᐭKI,0.ᵨ0.1050mol/LNa2s2O323ᡂḄỚ(267820.00mL஺9:᪵;Ḅ<ᨬᑖᦪ஺ூ@ὃBᫀ௃1⚪4ᑖC1OFGCF஺ᔜ1ᑖ⏚ឋ1ᑖC1CT+C1+2H*=C12+H2஺஺1ᑖJKᑏMNOPQᡈKSTKUᑖ஺H2⚪2ᑖMeK$ᩗKWXY9:Z[Ḅᨵᦔᦪ^(_ᐸabcd஺2ᑖஹᓝHJghᨵᦔᦪ^Ḅij⊤lᙳUnᑖ(oghᨵᦔᦪ^ḄKUᑖ(᝞B&pឋᐗrK+$ᩗstuvN<#wx஺/z{3⚪4ᑖJT☢ᢗX~ᢥnᑖ9஺Ah4⚪10ᑖ4-1CeFsXeFz^F^1ᑖ4-2ᑖN;ᨵC—Xe஺2ᑖB“ᑖN;ᙠGᨵ”U1ᑖ4-3XeF+CFBF=CFXeF+BF-
ftᵨ"""=”KᡷᑖMN$OU46526524ᑖtZ᪀K$ᑖ஺4-45C6F5XeF2+BFJ+2I2=4IF5+5Xe+5C6F5BF22ᑖJKSTKUᑖ4-54ᑖJ4-5ḄBᫀ◤+ᵨ⌕sḄVSEPR¡¢£F¥U஺¦⌕§¨⊤l©O┵«¬Unᑖ(⊤lQK▲஺¯°'ஹ5⚪5ᑖ5-1MgB2ᑖJ²ᨬ³Q£Uᑖ2a=b#c,c´ᔣ¶3ᑖ5-2Jij¥·¨⊤¸MgB=12Ḅᨔº¬Unᑖ(»ᡠᨔº+n½ᨔº¾ᨔ«¿ÀÁÂTÃᓫÅḄÆ(Ç᝞ᨔºḄ⚔É+,ᐰtÊ஺6⚪8ᑖ1.uËÌÍᐸḄ₝⏚;$Mr?(MN(ÏK$஺ᙠ2$KMnC>4Ð($Mr?+ὅ*+Ó᳛Õ஺4ᑖ2.Ö×Øᑺ¥ÚMnVI
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ᎷXᵫY=AuCbᑣᣚḄ2AuCh+3Zn=3ZnC12+2AuᑮAuḄ=0.100mol/LX0.500LX197g/mol=9.85gὑZnḄ=0.100mol/LX0.500LX65.39g/mol

48X3/2=4.90gᑮḄ!9.85g-4.90g=4.95g2ᑖ#⌕%2ᵫAUC13&'(⏚ᑮḄ*⁐ᨔ-AuḄ.ᓰ50%,0AuCh-AuḄ.165%,23Z45AuCh,Ꮇ7ᔠᱥHAuCL,.Au58%,:ᜧ'50%,ᦑᎷ=5>ᔠᱥᑣ2?HAuCL,3H2OḄ᥅A393.8ᐸ-AuḄ.197/394=50%஺2ᑖ#ᐸDᳮFGH⌕ᔠᳮIJᑖ஺K8⚪M11ᑖ#8-2B3-NᵬP-1,2-RSTUᡈᵬP-2,3RSTPN⏚C2-WP-3-NᵬP-TXᡈ1-NᵬP-3-YP-2-T⏣Mᔜ2ᑖᐳ4ᑖ#8-3]^஺_CH.QH`᝱b⌕5ᵫ'cᙠᑖefgh,H2sigh0ᕈ]᝱,CH3sHIighᦑI2kI5]᝱஺1ᑖ#MᐸᳮᵫH⌕ᔠᳮᙳJᑖ஺m:ᐸo%p6࠷;rs=5t]Ḅuᕡᑺᐸូy2z{t]|☄Ḅ~஺⚪Ḅᫀ2ᵨ᎔D
H◤ᨵஹᔠᭆ0i⚜ᐜᐹᜓ⚪ḄᐹḄs#஺K9⚪M10ᑖ#9-1BCஹMc*DP^Ḅ᪀Mᐭ᪾ᑁ#஺Mᔜ2ᑖᐳ8ᑖ஺4᪗ᵬP¡¢ḄH4ᡷᑖ஺m⚪◀K1¥᜜ᐸ2ᵨ᎔D
ᫀ஺#9-2§¨©ª«¬2-[¯-°±²P³T⏚ᡈ2-[4;3”-ᵬPTP#-²P]-T⏚2ᑖ#K10⚪M5ᑖ#NH.,+HC1=NHC12ᑖ#Mm:ᐸeµ¶Ḅ·¸“ᓄᔠ”1ᑖ#஺34ᑖ#¼ὃ¾¿ᶍ஺MmÁ¢gÂÃᣚ᝞¼ὃ¾¿:ᢥÆÇÈÉ¢ÊḄCஹBᑖËÌÍH_C1,4ᐕÏÃᣚ஺#K11⚪M10ᑖ#12,ᑮÐMᔜ1ᑖÑ3ᑖ#11-2ᨔÒÓV=[2X116pm+l67Pm
f=181Xl
6pm3ÔeÓv=4x4/3
4116pm
3+4x4/3
;t167pm
3=104X106pm3v/V=57.5%M1ᑖ#Mᨵᦔᦪ×┯Ùᡷ1ᑖ,V_vḄ24Úᐸ-ᨬ1ÚÜᶇᦪ×4ᡷᑖ஺#11-3⊤☢àe8⚔â
+6☢ã#+12ä-ã
=26Ñàeᦪ8⚔â
+6☢ã
+12ä-ã
+1ã
=27⊤☢àeᓰÑàeᦪ26/27X100%=96%1ᑖ#m26_27ᙳ᦮ᦪæçæ26/275èRéᦪ0.962,êëÚéᦪ◤᪷íî▭ᵨ0ð⚪ñòÇᵨóᔠiÈôὅöêëÚᦪ×÷ᢥÆÇÈ஺11-4ᑖø¥ùúùûü⊤☢àeᦪ஺2ᵨn=2ஹ3ḄᨔÒýᔠþÿ
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X12]+[nX12]+[n-l
2X6]+[n2x6]+[n-l
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2X6]/2+[n2X6]/2+[n-l
XnX2X6]/2=8000+7+81+90+243+300+540=92612ᑖ⊤☢ᓰᦪḄ*ᑖᦪ+2402/9261
xl00%=26%1ᑖ+5ᑖ+-ᩈ⚪01ᩖ345ὅᵨᐸ89:;Ḅᦪ<ᙠ26%>?2@*ᑖᑁB3ᑖ3@*ᑖᑁB2ᑖᐸ;BCDE᪗GHᫀJᐸK4LM஺N⚪⌕PQ;ᦑ᪗GHᫀST᦮ᦪTVWXᦪCᡷᑖ஺Z12⚪+11ᑖ12-12CH+13O=8CO+10HOl410222+[\]^_ᡠᨵbᦪ◀2d9eᙳ4ᢥhij஺12-2O+4e=2O22ᑖ
0?Tᐸ8bᦪk9e]^lmnᑖ஺2CH+13O2-26e=4CO+5HO2ᑖ+bᦪoplnᑖ஺4l022ᔣr᩽tu_+1ᑖ_Hᔣ□᩽tuᡈᔣxᐭz{|}Ḅᵯ᩽tulnᑖ஺r᩽஺+1ᑖ_H□᩽ᡈxᐭz{|}Ḅᵯ᩽lnᑖ

4912-3ᧇᵯᐹᨵ0Ḅᑭᵨ᳛஺+2ᑖ+Hᑁᑭᵨ᳛0lnᑖ_ᵨZ!dᑖD஺12-4ᢝᵯ₹^⊝ᨔ&Ḅ-+ᡈ◍¡-ᙠᵯ¢Qᵨ£ᔣr᩽+□᩽tu஺+1ᑖ+⊤¤C▲⌕¦§ᩖᨔ&ḄO?-¨©ZrO?ᨔ&Ḅ஺12-5ª+ᡈ«¬d1ᑖZ13⚪+10ᑖKBrO.,lmol
3Br3mol
~CHOHlmol
~6s®6mol
_2650.1250mol/LX0.02000L-0.1050mol/LX0.02000L/6=2.150X10-3mol2.150X10Tmol/LX94.11g/mol/0.6000g
X100%=33.72%10ᑖ2@3¦hiḄJK┯Bᔜ2ᑖ஺3ᑭᵨᓄ9e◤ᑡ4@ᓄ9e9ehiBᔜ1ᑖ஺N⚪Ḅᨵᦔᦪµ4X஺3ᨬ·¸¹Ḅᨵᦔᦪµ┯Mᡷ1ᑖ஺ᓄ>2002ᐰᓄ'ḕ@*+⚪2002º9ᨴ15¼900-1200ᐳ3¾¿•Á¿Ã3¾¿஺ÄᑮÆÇ30ᑖÈὅCÉὃ¢஺ËÌὃ5·1¾¿ᑁCÍ¢஺¿ÃᑮÎ5ᔁ+Ð☢ÑÒᙠÓ☢ÔᓽÖÔ×Íὃ¢஺•5ᔁØÙᡂÛCÜᦣ஺ᡠᨵH[\ᑏᙠßḄ9᪾ᑁCᵨáâãᑏ஺₝åæᙠᨬ·ç⚓஺Cᢝᨵéêᐸ8æë஺•ìíஹïíðñᡠò᪥[\ᑏᙠ✌⚓>õᢣX÷ᑏᙠᐸ8ᙢ9ὅᢥùᔁj஺•ᐕû¡ᵨüýeᘤÿ
ᦻᐹ஺1⚪5ᑖ▅᝞⚪ᐗM,ᐸᙢ123!ⅾ#ᨬ%Ḅ'(ᐗ)*+,-.᪶Ḅ0⌕ᡂᑖ3⁐,-0⌕ᵨ⌶789ᜧ;ᵨᩭᑴ>?ᵯABCDᱥF◤ḄH;ᐗ஺1.MḄᐗIJ02.MḄᨬL⌕MᱥḄᓄOPo3.MḄQ!RSᓄᔠᱥஹV஺ூᫀ௃l.Mnlᑖ2.MnC2lᑖ3.MḄQ!RSᓄᔠᱥMnO?ஹMnSC4VKMnO,஺3ᑖZF[MnOzVKMnC4,\MnII
]9^_⏚a஺2⚪6ᑖᵨᙢbc0⌕ᐗdeḄ+!efᙠhijkᢈbᓰL⌕noSᓄOphiᱥqᦻrḄL⌕>ᵨ஺s᝞1.tuvḄwᱏḄ0⌕ᡂᑖ;2.ᐝ{|}Ḅ0⌕ᡂᑖ3.~ᵨᨬ+Ḅ□ᵯAḄᐝᵯᓄᩞᧇ4.ᵨ>ᔾ▬ᑺஹ?ᑺஹᓄᑺᡈᓄᑺḄ⌼ᑖᜧ+•Ḅᓄᔠᱥ5.ᨵᜧᓄᔠᱥ.᪀ᱯᜓvᩞᧇVᨵvᩞᧇLឋᨵὊ£ஹᵯ¤¥ឋ¦ஹ§¨ஹ©ªஹὊῖ⇨……ᱯឋ®¯ᵨ°±²±ᜩஹᵯᵯ´ஹµ¶ஹ·¸¹ºᵨ°»¼ஹ½ᔠஹ¾¿ஹÀÁஹ⊤☢Äឋஹ■ªஹ■Æ……ÇhiÈÉÊ^ËiḄÌᩞᧇ஺Íᩞᧇᙠᑖ.᪀ÎḄᱯÏV஺ூᫀ௃1.ấᡈSiᡈᓫᨔấ1ᑖ2.ÓÔᓄấᡈSiC>21ᑖ3.ấᡈSi
1ᑖ4.Õấ⏚]ᡈấÕ⏚]1ᑖZÖ⚪r×ᑖÊấØấ⏚]9ÊÙᑖ஺5.ᐹᨵSi-OÛÜấÝÞḄßà2ᑖ

503⚪3ᑖᨬáᨵᵨj26Mgᦪ⊦⊦᪶âã2Cm᪶äd᪶ᔠᡂå2631saæᑮÌᐔX஺ẆêὅìX2640.00008saᡈ"#$ÜÔ´íîïðñò´᝱ᑖ2650.0018saᡈ"#$XO,ôXᡂẆêòᓄOឋqḄ4266%&%&ᨬLᐗ஺ÇõḄXö᝞2670.033sa'ᡈ"#$⊤ᡠøÎù᪶åæᑮḄ᪶268%&%&ᐸbúû᪶Ḅ⊦ýឋqþÿ2699.3saᐸᓄឋᡂ஺1.XḄᐗ______஺2.ᵨᐗ)ᙠ+,-.+/-ᑖ1᪗3ᐸᦪ.ᦪ4ᑏ6ᔠᡂXḄ᪶9:;<;=>Ḅᐸ?@ᢥBCDᑏE஺ூGᫀ௃1.Hs1ᑖE2.Mg+2'Cm=ṩHs+5n2ᑖE

51ab஺pqrstA-2H,0Ḅ᥅}~'154g/mo1AḄᨔt᪀ᐸḄᵯ[A᥅}Am1᥅}஺AᙠYḄ᩽ᜧ20࠷⛳7AḄ~'ᑖᦪ45%஺AḄᑴᜓ¡H¢FᙠNaOHYᑖᵬ§¨Na2s2O4ª«¬⏚¯°᥅}±1r1,¯°&ᱥA7¬⏚஺Aᙠᓄi(².¬³⏚Ḅ´fᱥ¬³⏚Ḅµ¶RSChH,Rᨵ»¼½஺1.AḄ▢Ḅ᪀À¶஺2.ᑏ(ÂᑴᜓAḄ“ᑖ¡Ã¶”஺3.ÅAḄᓄil஺ூÇᫀ௃1.M=32+3X16+3X1+12+23=118118+36=154AQ/°c%HIHO-CH2-SÒ(ᡈÕHOCH2s0?×ᡈHO-CH2-SஹᡈS—C—0—H3ᑖ஺/τ0-஺H2.NaSO+CHO+NaOH=HOCHSONa++NaSO3^-NaSO+CHO+NaOH224222232242=HOCH2sOzNa+Na2sO3ᡈNa2s2O4+CH2O+NaOH=NaSO2cH20H+Na2so3Ûrᑏ;ᑏᨔÜÝ3.“Þᵬ¬³⏚”ᡈ“Þᵬ¼¬³⏚”2ᑖ7⚪8ᑖàB⍝ᡃE⏓âãä“åæ⏣”m'è᪗êëì஺1.àẆî⏓âYḄ“åæ⏣”Ḅᩭðñ⏓â5ᧇYḄᩖ~ᾦõ&ᱥᵞâḄÞ¼÷åøùḄ´fᱥúFᩭðñᵨûᣚ᪛ᾦþᓄᑴ⏓âᵫ
ᣚ᪛ᾦᵨ1.23A
ὶᑺᶇḄA!"“⏣”&'᜜A)*+ᩭ-ᒹ/01Ḅ2ᓄ4ᑖ6ᩞᧇ஺:ᑏ<ᵫᵞ?@ᑮḄ“⏣”ḄB᪀DEFAḄGHIJEGHKLḄᨵNᱥᵨB᪀DE⊤Q஺2.ᙠSTUVSWᨵ2TXYᡈὅTXYFT\6Ḅ“⏣”]^_`Ḅᙠabᩩdef"g◀GHij<2TGHIJEkl6஺᪗^᪗n᧜p@ᑖqS஺CI-HCI.ᔜsᑖt8⚪9ᑖᓄᔠᱥAFBḄᐗzᑖ᪆ᦪ}ᙳkC85.71%,H14.29%஺ᦪ}⊤AFBḄqnᑖ6ᙳk84஺eAFBᙳ+⁐ᙳ^+4⏚⁐஺AHC1GH@2,3ᵬY2Aᓄ@2,3ᵬY&BHC1GH@2—ᵬY3Bᓄ@2,3ᵬY஺1.ᑏ

52"ᡂḄGHÖ×ØÙ஺ᳮᵫ´3.kᨵᦔᙢᑴᜓXeFzHᙠÏÐGHᩩdekÞÚD¾ᳮᵫ஺ூªᫀ௃1.ß550Kß850Kᔜ1ᑖ2.XeFàXeF?"ᡂXeF4ḄGHÖ×ÙGHXeF4+F2=XeF6¿]ᔾ×GHÍ6ᓣ4HᨵᑭXeF6Ḅ"ᡂ¼ᵫ▬½*åæçាាqG஺4ᑖᡈª´GHXeF6=XeFீ+F2f"ᙠqn4ḄÍe&ᡈª´V¾ëᔣGH]píîᜧḄGHᡠðëᔣGH]ᔾ×Ḅ3.ᙠV½ᩩdeñòᙠ4eó+ᑴᜓXeFz,4⌕õḄᢈ÷ø⚪ùÙú¼Hûüᢗᧇ§F/XeḄþÿ,
ᨵᦔᑴᜓXeFo2ᑖ2210⚪10ᑖḄ☢450011?,ᙽᩭ!ᵯ#$%150mA/m2,⚜!'▲2)
⌱+Ḅᙽᨵ,-.ᙽḄ/0ᑖ115.7kg225.9kg,34.ᙽᙽḄᵯ#5%ᑖ10.92A21.2A஺789:;ᑮ=>?Ḅ@ḄᨬBᔜ◤EᙽᙽFᵨH-ᙽIᔠᳮFLMFூOᫀ௃✌ᐜ8T34?UḄVᵯ0W2X365dX24h/dX60min/hX60s/min=6.307Xl
7s1ᑖ0.0150A/m2X4500m2=67.5A14
-
X67.5AX6.307X107s=4.257X109C1ᑖXᐸZ78Vᐳ◤⌕]B:ᵯ_Ḅ0W4.257X1
909.65Xl
4c/mol=4.4XXlO'oi1ᑖ;0W4.411X104molX65.4g/mol/2X103kg/g=1443kg=1.44X103kg1ᑖX◤/015.7kg/ᙽḄᙽᦪW1.44Xl
3kg/15.7kg/ᙽ=91.7ᙽ492ᙽ1ᑖX92ᙽXO92A/ᙽ=85A67.5A,ᵯ#5%
d;ᑮ⌕e஺1ᑖX25.910ᙽW1.44*1031^/25.91^/ᙽ=55.6ᙽf56ᙽ1ᑖX56ᙽX1.2A/ᙽ=67.2A67.5A,ᵯ#5%;gᑮ⌕ehij1ᙽᑣ57ᙽX1.2A/ᙽ=68.4A,ᵯ#5%lm;ᑮ⌕e஺1ᑖ⌱ᵨnoḄᙽIᔠᳮpᐸᵯ#5%nqᳮr=
ds2)'▲tᵨnuḄᙽpᐸᵯ#5%vᜧgᑮ2)xyzὑᐝ஺1ᑖ11⚪5ᑖ┲Am
~-ᵨ⌶ḄUᐗ஺241AmḄឋ5%~Ḅ3ᙠᡃᔜᙢᖪ
ᑮ241Am$%!?~ᔲ┛Wᵨ241AmᑴḄᐗ¡ᵨ¢ᡃᔜᙢ£¤ᱥḄ¦§¨§ᘤᑴ¦§¨§ᘤḄ1ᱏ241Amᡃᢇ¬®10ᐗ¯°஺┲ᙠ⏚ឋ²³Ḅ´ᓄ᝱2᪗¸ᵯ᩽ᵯºE/V
᝞¼,½¾2.62~An/'/An?+Ḅ᪗¸ᵯ᩽FtLº2.07~Am3+/AmḄ᪗¸ᵯ᩽ᵯºÀÀ஺•ÂtìÄŬḄ´ᓄÆÇÈhḄᩩ~´ᓄᑺḄ᪗¸L68-2.071.72ᵯ᩽ᵯºᜧ¢ÆÇᑺḄ᪗¸ᵯAmOf^3Amz+-2.34J2+-1.55᩽ᵯº஺Am3--------Am---------AmËᑨÍÎÏ┲²¢40ÐI1.20I-0.90IÑ⏚²³ÒÓdLMÔ_Õ᝱Öᙠ஺×>ᳮᵫ஺▬WEH7H2=0VWE0C1/C1
=1.36VXE°O/HO
=1.23V«222ூOᫀ௃⌕Ú1WEAm"'7Am
0,pÛAm
ÐÑ⏚ÈhTÜÝÞᓄAm","=2,3,4XßEAm3+/Am2+
0,An?àÄᡂ
âãH+ÈhÞᓄAm'-஺1ᑖᡈOWEAm3+/Am
0,஻=3
⌕Ú2WEAm4+/Am5+
EAmO27Am4+
,pÛàÄᡂḄAn?+yŬæᓄAmO?+2Am3+.2ᑖ⌕Ú3WAmOz+~5´ᓄᑺàÄᡂçdÓ´ᓄO*ᡈÓCè´ᓄCkÞᓄAn?+,égmê!Öᙠ஺1ᑖÈAm஺?+~ìÆÇᑺᙠÛᩩ¼gmí´ᓄAmC^Z⌕Ú4WAn?+gy¬ÄæᓄÇᳮî=
ê!Öᙠ஺1ᑖïrW²¢ÐÑ⏚ðᑮḄê!Õ᝱An?*஺12⚪8ᑖñᔠᓄò~-óôᔠᡂᢈö஺÷f¢øùḄᔠᡂÈh᝞A+B=AB,ñᔠᓄòᔠᡂᢈöᑣ~ÓUᑡAji=l,2,3,,,,
2UᑡBûj=l,2,31,,,
îü¬ÄÈh,ïýZឋᙢðᑮþ]ÿᓄᔠᱥḄlibrary
,ᯠᑭᵨஹᓄᢈ⌱ᔠ◤⌕Ḅᓄᔠᱥ஺ᵨ21!"#⏚%&ᔠᓄ'ᢈᔠᡂᵫ*+,-.ᡂḄ/0123/0Ḅ&ᡂ456ABC,7456AAAᡈὅAAB:;<ᢣ:/0ABC>?/0CBA3@AB:Cᑏ0Ḅ"#⏚EFG:ᑏᙠᨬJKḄLᨵNOᔠḄa—"#.ᑏᙠᨬQKḄLᨵNOᔠḄR#S஺1.T&ᔠUYnop:ᓽ4Wrgឋ/0Ḅ&ᡂ1snopᒹuvᐰlmdnᨵxfᱥgឋḄS஺yz3Top6᝞|

53aḄ~ᢥ!opa:ᨬY◤lmYZnop:ᨬZc◤lmnop~ᳮᵫ஺ூ]ᫀ௃1.2=92612.]ᫀḄ⌕ᨵ3জ.opa3snZ1["#⏚ᵨ20["#⏚lmB&ᔠU<:ᡠWᨵfᱥgឋ:ᓽ4rḄ"#⏚6gឋ0Ḅ&ᑖ஺2ᑖSঝ.ᜮ/nopᡠWᙳxfᱥgឋ:ᑣ4rḄ/!"#⏚6gឋ0Ḅ&ᡂ஺:ᨬZc◤lm3nop4ᡂop஺12ᑖS13⚪111ᑖS?6¡¢£ᕈ᝱Ḅ¦ᓄᔠᱥ:§r¨!ᓝ!:6ª“¬⁐®ᑺ”஺±2002²4ᨴḄ´µ⍝:ᨬ·ᨵilm¸ᵨ¦®¹ᩈ»¼½¾Ḅop:¿À᝞£⊤ᡠÂ3ᔣ®¹¸¼½¾Ḅ¦ÄÅÆ1.0%1ÇÈSḄÉ:¼½¾Ê¦᪆.ÌfÍÌf¼½¾ÎÏᧇ¼½¾ḄÑᔠÒӷͼ½¾ᑖ¦6ℍ⃔Ö1C6HQO6SḄÜᔠÝᑖ¦:4Þᶍᙢ⊤Â᝞£á:*+5âmᡂãḄÝä¿᪀æᡂ¼½Íℍ⃔ÖÜᔠ>ᦋèℍ⃔ÖéḄ¿᪀ͼ½¾®?¦®ê¦᪆:#ë¿᪀>è஺⊤C4minCl61—1ìSí#d3d⊤ᩈ(ᙠ)Ḅ*ឋᵬ#ïðìdñ¦Ḅò:“ïó”Ḅ¿*ᩩ*,-./01᪀᝞QBáᡠÂ஺[Cmin]Cl23ᑮ100࠷10%4ô]᝞£z⚪3[Cmin]Cl672325%,89:;41.ᙠ£☢Ḅö᪾ø5Camin'ù[C4min]Br67235<7%òḄ¦Ḅ¿᪀ú஺[Cmin]SCN67235<7%42.òCemin+üCgmin+ýḄCü6[Cmin][BF]6723=*44Cg⊤þÿ
஺[Cmin][PF]6723=*443.᪷⊤ᡠᙠᩩ[Cmin]Cl67235%6Ḅ[Cmin]Cl672368Ḅ⌕"#$ᑖ&)Ḅ?@AᡂC____EFᙠCginlClஹC4minBrஹCaminXBFj)Ḅ*ឋHᵨᩭ*KLᙠC,min஺ஹC6minClCgmin஺)*,H$ᵫḄ᥅Oᑖᦪ஺4.ᙠ)2ᐭRSTᙠUḄ*,H*KV5.ᎷXᙠCgiin஺U*C25%ḄYᔠ,n=500Ḅ[\],ᔣ`ab210%-./1ḄRᓰ᦮eaḄ᥅OᑖᦪfgᎷXbRCH2cH2cH2cH3hᐰj᪆l᪆lḄḄ᥅Oᑖᦪfᜧaூ
ᫀ௃1.2ᑖ1q=2rsLt“+”2ᙠᵬyz{|}஺~yᵨ⊤ᑖ஺CH32.yy-1ᑖ13.▢-ᡈ1CஹBrBFJᔠḄHC1H஺-1ᑖ5ᑖ1q3ᡈ
ᜧᡈ&AᡂEḄHᡈV.Ḅឋ4.R&)Ḅ▢AᡂEḄ஺-1ᑖ15.*)ḄḄ᥅O./V6X12+10+5X16
X1000=1.62X105g/mol
Ḅ᥅O./V8X12+15+14X2+35.5=96+15+28+35.5=175g/mol
RḄ᥅OᑖᦪV1.0/18/1.0/18+75/175+25/1.62X105
=0.12᪆lḄḄ᥅OᑖᦪV-25/162000
/1.0/18+75/175+25/1.62X1
5
=3.2XIOஹ2ᑖ1

54ᓄ>2003ᐰᓄ'ḕ@*+⚪1⚪-5ᑖ1ᡊ¢@£¤$ᙠᡊ¥¦§ᜧ/Tᵨ¨©ªḄ«¬ᡊ®II¯°⌨²ᙠᡃ«´µᙢ⍡¸Cᜧ/¹TᵨºḄ¨©ª»©$ᐸ)§½¨©஺»©ḄᑖVC1CHCH
SO¾¿ÀÁ,»©Â=SÃᓽÅÆÇÈᯠLÊË=ÅÆḄ᩽222Á,»©Íξ⌼ᡂÐÑLÒÐÑ$᠒᠒ÔÕḄ஺1-1ᵨaÖ×ØÙ×Ø»©஺2-ÛÜÝ⏨ᡈ2-ÛÜßÝᓄᱥ-1ᑖ11-2»©ᵨâ½ãÙᑴᜓ஺ᐸ§$C1CH2cH20H&Na2sæçæçèᱥ?§¿Ḽ&ÛᓄæçFᐸ$CH2=CH2&S2cbæçæçᱥḄ᥅OêV2:1஺ᑏlᓄìãí஺2C1CH2cH20H+NaS=(HOCHCH)S+2NaCl
1ᑖ12222(HOCHCH)S+2HC1=(C1CHCH)S+2HO
1ᑖ122222222CH=CH+S2cI2=(C1CHCH)2S+S
1ᑖ122221-3ᵨî*¨஺ᑏlæç஺
C1CHCHS+2OH-=
HOCHCHS+2CF
1ᑖ1222222ᵨNaOHïðOIK{஺ãíñòóôõᑖ஺2⚪-7ᑖ150ö÷WatsonCrick#ÔøDNAùúûLüýþOᓄìᝄ஺DNAḄᦻᓄ:ῃ᪶᪶⏚;DNAᵫ᝞ᑖ᪀ᡂḄ:ῃ᪶ஹ⏚!DNAḄ⍡#$%Ḅ᣸ᑡ)*+,Ḅ;DNA-./0Ḅ1⌕3ᵨ567.9:DNA-;<=᪀ᙠ?@AᢈCᵨḄDEFGH$Iᡈ$KLஹM$3ᱥஹOPᐰ$RS……஺UVWᑖ!X“”[\ᑖ]^஺_3⚪5ᑖᙠab⌱⚗eᙌᙌ஺3-1ᑡᓄ7gḄaᵯឋᨬkḄAC-FB.C-0C.C-SiD.C-C13-2ᵯl᪀mnXe4f45d76s2ḄᐗpA.qᨵstB.uvᐗpC.1wᐗpD.qxᐗp3-3ᑡylᨬ᜜{ᵯlᦪn8ḄA.Ga3+BTi4+CCu+D.Li+_4⚪8ᑖᙠ30࠷%~uᓄ6ᑮ⏚6ᓄḄᔠ~᪆:DX⁐ᨔtX஺ᡂᑖ᪆F~ᨔtḄᡂnNa14.90%,B7.03%,H5.24%»X,\X⁐ᨔtY஺YNa23.0%,DḄᓄᑺ~ᙠVs~ᙠVsᑖ~ᵨ3¡ᑺஹᱛ£ஹ¤ᱥ¥¦ᑺ§¨©ª~«ᵨ¬ᨵᔠᡂ஺=᪀ᑖ᪆FXYḄᨔtᨵ^D▢ylZ2.~yl¯lḄᓄ°᛻]^~²¯lᓾᨵ´ᡂ7µ¶஺4-1ᑏ:XஹYḄᨬ¸¶~9:¹ᳮuL஺

55XḄᨬ¸¶!NaBHOYḄᨬ¸¶!NaBHOᔜ1ᑖ!ᑏᡂ¼ᔠᱥ«½8724¹ᳮuLHNaBH014.90/23.0=0.6487.03/10.8=0.6515.24/1.008=5.2072.83/16.0=4.551187X¾ᡂYῃ¼uL஺XnNaBHO-3HO,ᑣYNaḄÀᑖᦪn23/99.8=0.23242ÁXNaBO-4HO,ᑣYNaḄᑖᦪn23/81.8=0.28ÂÃᔠ⚪Ä஺
1ᑖ324-2ᵨᨬាÆḄÇÈÉ:Z2-ylḄËt=᪀¯lᵨᐗpÃÌ⊤Î~ᐳÐ7ᵨÑÒ⊤Î஺Âᑏ“2-”Âᡷᑖ஺_5⚪6ᑖR•aᙠᢗᐭשḄᜧmÙᵯÚÛ஺ÜÝ´Þnᵯ,ß~ànᵯá~ᵯâuãÂäᙠ,ßᵯá0å°!ᵯáḄÜÝ´Þnᵯ᩽~0nyl⌱çឋè~ᙠᵯáᵯᐙᵯêè½ᐕìylâu!ᵯí~îè◞ðḄᵯnNa2s2NaBn~ᵯñ,ᑖó¾nNa2s4NaBr஺ÜHNaB^/NaBr1ᑖ!ôᑏD«½Ý:NaS/NaS1ᑖ!ôᑏD«½22245—2ᑏ:ᵯáᐙᵯê~□᩽▢᩽Ḅᵯ᩽öC஺□᩽H3NaBr-2e=NaBr+2Na+1ᑖ▢᩽HNa2s4+2Na++2e=2Na2s213ᑖ

565-3ᑏ:ᵯáᐙஹᵯḄöCµL¶஺2Na2s2+NaBqᵯ—Na2s4+3NaBr'ᐙᵯ1ᑖ5-4ᢣ:ᙠᐙᵯuLylâuèḄúᔣ஺Na+Ḅúᔣnÿᑮ஺1ᑖ6⚪12ᑖ20033ᨴIIᩞᧇẆ!"#$✌&'(ᨔ*Ḅᨔ,ᙠ5K0ᕈ$23ឋ஺56⍝89ᨔ,Ḅᓄ;

57=8⚪+12ᑖ;8-1+4ᑖ;1᥅C%═⏚Fᙠ240—300°CKLM#219.2gQRᑏ2TUV஺+WXK2MnC>4640tleᑖaKjMnCX,800࠷ᑖa஺;5KMnO=KMnO+KMnO+3MnO+3O+4ᑖ;42434228-2+3ᑖ;ᕸᖹlmnopᨵᐶrsᵨᐸu᪀V᝞஺xᕸᖹᙠymḄa{|2g/100gH20,K〉yᩰ⏚C6H4+OH;+COONa;,ᵫᡂᜧᕸᖹḄ8-3+2ᑖ;ᓛ᪍u᪀V᝞y஺〉⏚ᔠᓽᜧa{஺aM஺0^COOH஺“ὡ10ᓛ᪍mḄᲦ⏚⏚᪷ᡂᓛ᪍Ḅ¡஺+2ᑖ;'HᑏJKL⊤NOᑖPQRᗂTD¢஺;8-4+3ᑖ;£¤ᙠ¥mḄa{¦§¨1,1,1-£ª«Ḅᜧ¬928Ḅ+®¯°;஺+2ᑖ;CHCbḄ²³¥´Ḅᐳᱥᵯ²ᡂ஺+1ᑖ;'HUᑏ“WX”G1ᑖ஺+=9⚪+6ᑖ;¶·ᡃ¹º»ᐗ½¾ᓰᐰᳫ11%,Ã=ÄÅ஺ᙠᐝÇÈÉÊËmᐝ

58ÇÌÍÎÏᐭÑᐝ1km᜜ḄᵨᡝÔ◤ᵨ5ᱏ×⏚ØᨔÚ+¶·=39Ûᐗ½;஺ᡃ¹ÜÝ·ᐰᳫÞ⏚¶ᨔÚß⌕×ᙢ0â2ãäᓝæᱏç⏚¶ᨔÚâèéêᓟæìᐗ+1999â;஺í⏚î·ÄTᨔÚᨔïðᦪ“=712pm,c=629pm,ò{"=4.22g/cm
®Þ25%,ô¶⏚¶ḄᓄõVö÷ᙠ8øᨔïmᨵùø²஺92úûüU஺¶⏚¶ḄᓄõVýYV041ᑖ;úûüUýYVCUḄ᥅Cþ|203.8g/mol;ÿḄ
ᑖᦪ50.9/203.8=025ᔠ⚪203.8/4.22=48.3cm3/molᨔḄV=7122X629X10-30cm3=3.18X10-22cm31ᑖ48.3/6.02X1023=8.02X10-2W1ᑖ3.18X1077/8.02Xi0n=3.97~4
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59ᵯ86:HN3ᑖè61ᑖYᱥêÉÊḄÚ⌕ঞ1ᑖÍᑁÊḄÚ⌕ঝuঞ110-4ëᨵìRoundupAᓄ;Ḅó)ᱥôõ»;ḄpKa,ó)ᱥ@?a,ó)ᱥ@RoundupḄ½⏚ø஺2ᑖúø⏚øx¨j#11⚪10ᑖüýþÿᔠᱥḄ᥅ᑖᦪᓝ-3,6,9-9%,ᓝ-3,6-57%,ᓝ-3-34%஺11-1⏚!ᓄ#$%&'ᓝ-3,6,9-(%ᑏ*ᓄ+#$,-.஺CH-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH+3CHCOOOH25228I73=CH5-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH-^H-CH+3cH3coOH;2ᑖ<22281711=2>ᡠᨵḄABᙳD!ᓄ%EF1᥅GHᔠI◤⌕LM᥅⏚஺1᥅ᓝ!ᓄ◤3᥅⏚N1᥅ᓝ!ᓄ◤2᥅⏚N1᥅ᓝ!ᓄ◤1᥅⏚%OPQ1᥅HᔠRᐰᓄ◤⏚Q-----0.09X3+0.57X2^034X4-j6moJ------------------------;24^------------------11-3>VWHᔠXYZᨵ[ᑖ\⛳^B!ᓄ%&_E=`ab,ᫀ%ᵨ⏚efghigᑖjklᱥḄ!ᓄ-mQnWab,ᫀNᑏ*oᐵḄ#$,-.^EF!ᓄ-m;%<Ḅq.஺

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8ᑖäᨵᓄCoNH4BrCOḄrᔠᱥ஺331.Iᐰæ+᪀-Ḅ2-3᪀஺2.ᢣèᑖKḄ~é஺eix⚪6ᑖÑê᤺ã&ìÆi⊤ḄkTᱥᓄḄîᦻ஺ðñ᝞Ñò⚪Ã1.óêkᓄᔠᱥḄô&õö÷øùúᱥiTḄû.Ḅᓄ{Ã2.ᙠü☢Ḅùú@#ÞᓄḄᐗx{—
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9ᑖ088.1º»¼½¾¿ᐗuMÁ134.4ᓣbÃᣚÅᡂ᪗ÆÇÈ0#ᓄÉÊᐰᡂÌឋÍÎÏÐᔠᱥ஺LÎᔠᱥᙠ3ᩩÒSÓ#ᡂ{NaCl¿ÁᨔÕḄ#ᓄᱥ஺1.Ö×L¾¿ØÙÚ2.ᙠ3ÛHSMOvᙠÜ#ᓄÝÞ⊤☢'ᙢᑖᦣµãᡂ“ᓫᑖ=æ”஺ᳮvèÅᓫæᑖᦣ@)BCéê23஺ba
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4ᑖ35678ᡈ9:ᩞᧇ9=>ᑖ?ᡂN2BCᜧ:ᔜ1ᑖ3iii⚪
6ᑖN0C0H2OGH1ᑖᐳ4ᑖ222JKLMḄN2ḄᑖOPQᔾᐭLMḄᑖOḄT⌕5VWJKLMḄC02XYZLᨵ\ᜧᑖO]O^V_N2Ḅ᥅aᑖᦪ'b1ᑖ
JKLMḄ02ḄᑖOPQᔾᐭLMḄᑖOḄT⌕5VWᔾᐭḄ஺2cdefὑh஺1ᑖᐳ2ᑖ3iv⚪
15ᑖ1.NF31ᑖ4NH+3F=NF+3NHF1ᑖᐳ2ᑖ3234

662.N—FkḄᏔ᩽nᔣp>56qrᵯ6ḄᏔ᩽nᔣtuvwᑖ6Ꮤ᩽xyPVz6ᓄ:|}~6ᓄ:|P஺"#᝞:1ᑖ3.2NF3+2Hg=N2Fz+2HgF21ᑖIIII,14+19
X2=66G(1ᑖᐳ3ᑖFIFFEF二;FsnEF:-FG(1ᑖ2NF+SnF=[NF+][SnF]21ᑖ224226[NF+][SnF]2"=[NF]"[SnF]+NF1ᑖᐳ5ᑖ22625225.□6Ḅᓄ(NF4+஺1ᑖNF+F2+BF3=NF4+BF"1ᑖ34NF4+Y?u✌ᐜᑮHOFᔲᑣᑏKḄNF4+Y?u*NF++HO=NF+HOF+H+ᡂNF3஺1ᑖ423_u2HOF=2HF+C>2XuHOF+HO=HF+HOuTpuᩩᨵ222ᐵuTᓾ]WᡂHF஺1ᑖᐳ4ᑖ3v⚪
7ᑖ▽ᵬ⏚᪷Ḅtrᑖ6122஺£p2¤¥ᵬ⏚᪷¦ᔠ50.9+244=295,¨Ḅᑖᦪ21.7%
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1ᑖ◣1ᑖᐳ2ᑖ1"NiO”☢:2r2'
2sin120°=2x140x10-12m
2sin120°=6.79x1020m22ᑖoIm2Al2O3⊤☢!NiOᦪ:lm2/6.79x10-20m2=1,47x10191ᑖ$%&'74.7g-mor'x1.47x1019m24-6.022x1023mol1=1.82x103gNiO
/m2AlO
231ᑖᐳ4ᑖ(1'NiO”☢)ᡂ6.78x102஺n?,$+ḄIm2Al2O3⊤☢!NiOᦪ-1.48ஹ10/0ᡷᑖ஺