湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语Word版含解析.docx

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华中师大一附中2023—2024学年度高二年级第一学期12月月考英语试卷时限：120分钟满分：150分第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydidthepoliceofficerstopthewoman?A.Becauseofthedrivingspeed.B.Becauseofthelicenseproblem.C.Becauseofthebrokentaillight.2.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Confident.B.Nervous.C.Excited.3.Whatisthewomantellingtheman?A.Shelikeshim.B.Sheforgothim.C.Sheremembershim.4.Whatwillhappeninthespeakers’company?A.Theofficebuildingwillchange.B.Manyemployeeswilllosetheirjobs.C.Allemployeeswillearnmoremoney.5.Whatdoesthemansuggest?A.Buyingaphone.B.Usinghisphone.C.Chargingthephone.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwaswrongwiththeman’sjobinterview?A.Hemistookthedate.B.Hedidn’thavetherightdocuments. C.Hearrivedtoolatefortheappointment.7.Whatdoesthemanprobablythinkofthewoman?A.Sheisunfriendly.B.Sheiscareless.C.Sheishelpful.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8Whataretheguardsbannedfromdoingaccordingtothewoman?A.Speakingtoothers.B.Wearingstrangeuniforms.C.Takingpictureswithtourists.9.WhatisLucy’sattitudetowardstherules?A.Shequestionsthem.B.Sheunderstandsthem.C.Sheopposesthem.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whichdatedidtheboyfinishhisproject?A.OnNovember12th.B.OnNovember15th.C.OnDecember17th.11.Whichpaperwilltheboyprobablywritetonight?A.TheWarof1812.B.BrownBearPopulations.C.TheWondersofLiquids.12.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Timemanagement.B.Thechoiceofsubjects.C.Theplanofsomeprojects.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman’smainissue?A.Herbagwasstolen.B.Someoneharmedher.C.Shecan’tspeakItalian.14.Wherewillthewomangonext?A.ToRome.B.ToVenice.C.ToMilan.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Checkinearlier.B.Stayclosetoherbag.C.Letsomeonewatchherpersonalbelongings.16.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onatrain.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atapolicestation.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whydidthespeakerstartplayinggolf?A.Toplaywithhisdad.B.Toplayonhisschoolteam.C.Tofollowhisdreamofbecomingaprofessional. 18.Wherewasthegolfgamefirstlyinvented?A.InEngland.B.InScotland.C.IntheUS.19.Whatisthemostimportantgolfcompetitionaccordingtothespeaker?A.TheUSOpen.B.TheBritishOpen.C.TheMaster’sTournament.20.Whatdoesthespeakerplantodointhefuture?A.Openhisowngolfcourse.B.Organizegolfcampsforchildren.C.Giveprogolfersone-on-oneinstruction.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThisIsHowYouWalktheWalkPeoplecallwalkingthe“perfectexercise”.Itgetsyourheartpumping,clearsyourheadandfillsyourlungswithfreshair.Notbad,butwefoundawaytomakeitevenbetter.Beforeyoutakeyournext10,000steps,addalittlestucktoyourstroll.TakeaStawerwalkingstickanywhereandIpromisethatyou’llfeellikeaconqueringhero.Itspowerswillastonishyou.What’sthesecret?OurStawerwalkingsticksareatipofthetophattoturn-of-the-centurytradition.Today,seriouscollectorsgladlypaythousandsforrareandhandcraftedsticksfromthe19thcentury.ButonlyStawerwalkingstickscandeliveramodernversionoftheseclassicsthatlooksandfeelsasgoodastheoriginalforonly$59each!Details·36incheslong.ImportedEucalyptuswood.·Solidbrasshandleswithvaryingfinishes.·Rubbertips.Supportsupto250pounds.·Allmodelsavailablein40inchesheight.Yoursatisfaction100%guaranteedExperiencethecomfortandeleganceofourdelicatewalkingsticksfor30days.Ifyou’renotfeelingthepower,simplysenditbackwithin30daysforarefund(退款)oftheitemprice.Stillhesitate?Corneandcheckouttherealusers’reviews!PraiseforStawerwalkingsticks “Anexcellentwalkingstick.Solidandelegant.Perfectforanightout.Wellcrafted.”MrJacob/fromPacificGrove,CALimitedEditionOnly500eachavailableonly!Thesehandcraftedbeautiestakemonthstocraftandarerunning(notwalking)outthedoor.So,takeastepintherightdirection.Calltoday!1.WhichisunrelatedtoMrJacob’sreviewabouttheStawerwalkingstick?A.Itsfirmness.B.Itscraftsmanship.C.Itscheapness.D.Itspracticality.2.Whatareweadvisedtodobeforebuyingthestick?A.Prepareenoughmoney.B.Checkreviewsfirst.C.Applyforadiscount.D.Buyassoonaspossible.3.Wherecanwereadthetext?A.Atravelbrochure.B.Abusinessmagazine.C.Aproductsurvey.D.Aninstructionbook.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款精美的手杖。【1题详解】细节理解题。文章倒数第五行讲到“Anexcellentwalkingstick.Solidandelegant.Perfectforanightout.Wellcrafted(一根极好的手杖。扎实优雅。非常适合晚上外出。制作精良)”可知，与雅各布先生关于斯塔尔手杖的评论无关的是它的廉价。故选C。2题详解】细节理解题。文章最后LimitedEdition段讲到“Only500eachavailableonly!Thesehandcraftedbeautiestakemonthstocraftandarerunning(notwalking)outthedoor.So,takeastepintherightdirection.Calltoday!(每个仅限500个！这些手工制作的好物需要几个月的时间才能制作出来，她们正在跑（而不是走）出门。所以，朝着正确的方向迈出一步。今天打电话！)”可知，建议我们尽早购买。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一款精美的手杖。文章最后一段讲到“So,takeastepintherightdirection.Calltoday!(所以，朝着正确的方向迈出一步。今天打电话！)”可知，文章主要介绍了一款精美的手杖。由此推知，文章最有可能出现在商业杂志上。故选B。BItwas1963intheTorontosuburb.Iwaseightyearsoldandhockey(冰球)-crazy.Mynext-to-zeroskillshad notstoppedmypassionforthegame.TheplayersofthegreathockeyclubTorontoMapleLeafswereofcoursemyheroes,andtheirpostersandphotoscoveredthewallsofmyroom.Thereisalwayssomepricetopayformaintainingalove.Iraisedfundsinanold-fashionedway,sellingsomethingthepubliccouldactuallysinktheirteethinto.Ijoinedthelocalannualevent—Margaret’sDoughnuts(甜甜圈)toselldoughnuts,whichofferedchoicesofhoney-glazedorchocolate-glazed.Door-to-doorIwent,notebookinhandtorecord.Isolddozensofdozens;hardlyasoulturnedmedown.Mynotebookwasalmostfull,andmystomachwasalmostemptywhenIwentupthelasthouseonthesouthside.Irangthedoorbellandwentovermyspeechwhilestaringatthescreendoor.Suddenly,thedooropened.Myunforgettablememorywaslookingupfromalargepairoffuzzyslippers,wayup,tothefacestaringdown.Istoodtherespeechlessforwhatseemed10years,openingandclosingmymouthlikeafishoutofwater.Collectingmycalmness,butstillunabletogointodoughnut-promotingoverdrive,Itoldhimsomethingheseemedhavealreadyknownandherepliedwithanodandasmile.Ihaveanunclearmemoryofmurmuringthroughmyspeech“Please-buy-some-doughnuts”,andthenavividmemoryofhimtakingthenotebookfrommyhand.Ifollowedwithnewinformation—thatwesharedourgivenname.Withpridefromourfirst-name-basisfarewells,Iflewhomeholdingthenotebooktightlytomychest.Thenextmorningbeforetheschoolbell,Icautiouslyshowedoffthepreciouspaper.Itissurelyminealonetoclaim:IsoldadozendoughnutstoTimHorton,oneofmymostrespectedplayerswholivedamerethreeblocksaway!4.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?AHeobtainedpostersandphotosfromastarteam.B.HejoinedTorontoMapleLeafsasayoungchild.C.Hewasnotmuchofanexperiencedhockeyplayer.D.Hisloveforhockeywasinfluencedbyastarteam.5.Whydidtheauthorselldoughnuts?A.Tofollowthefashion.B.Torespondtoanevent.C.Totastemoreflavors.D.Topursuehishobby.6.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhemettheownerofthelasthouse?A.Hewassospeechlesswithastonishment.B.Hewaslookeddownuponbytheowner.C.Hewasscaredbytheowner’sappearance.D.Heforgothisspeechforsellingdoughnuts.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASuccessfulSalePromotionOfDoughnuts B.AnAmazingJourneyToFollowingMyDreamC.AGratefulDoughnutHelpingAwakenMyDreamD.AnUnexpectedMeetingWithMyFavoriteHockey【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了年少时候的作者为了追求冰球梦，通过卖甜甜圈来筹钱。在此过程中，作者碰巧把甜甜圈卖给了自己的冰球偶像。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Mynext-to-zeroskillshadnotstoppedmypassionforthegame.(虽然我的技能几乎为零，但这并没有阻止我对游戏的热情。)”可知，作者虽然喜爱玩冰球，但并不擅长。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thereisalwayssomepricetopayformaintainingalove.Iraisedfundsinanold-fashionedway,sellingsomethingthepubliccouldactuallysinktheirteethinto.(维持一项热爱的事总是要付出代价的。我用一种老式的方式筹集资金，出售一些公众真正会感兴趣的东西。)”可知，作者卖甜甜圈来追求他的爱好。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Istoodtherespeechlessforwhatseemed10years,openingandclosingmymouthlikeafishoutofwater.(我站在那里说不出话来，好像有10年的时间，嘴巴张了又闭，就像一条离开水的鱼。)”可推知，作者遇到最后一栋房子的主人时，太惊讶以至于说不出话。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Itissurelyminealonetoclaim:IsoldadozendoughnutstoTimHorton,oneofmymostrespectedplayerswholivedamerethreeblocksaway!(这当然是我一个人说的：我卖了一打甜甜圈给蒂姆·霍顿，他是我最尊敬的球员之一，就住在三个街区之外！)”结合文章主要讲述了年少时候的作者为了追求冰球梦，通过卖甜甜圈来筹钱。在此过程中，作者碰巧把甜甜圈卖给了自己的冰球偶像。B选项“追寻梦想的奇妙旅程”最符合文章标题。故选B。CFreshfishshouldhaveamildsmell.Strongfishysmellsarethefirstsignstogobad.Howdothefishysmellscomefrom?Itcanbeseveraldaysfromwhenthefisharecaughttowhentheyreachthesupermarket.Inthattime,bacteriathatgrownaturallyinfishstarttoconsumeasubstancecalledtrimethylamineN-oxide(TMAO)infish.ThesebacteriachangeTMAOintotrimethylamine(TMA),thesubstanceresponsibleforthefishysmells.Bacteriainfish canalsochangelysine(赖氨酸)intocadaverine(尸胺),asubstancethat’sassociatedwithbreakingdownthefishoncetheyarecaughtandgivingofffishysmell.Chemicalreactionscanalsoleadtofishysmells.Thishappensthroughtheoxidation(氧化)offat.Fishareanimportantsourceofomega-3fattyacids.Whenthesefatsareexposedtooxygen,theyoxidizeandbreakdownintothesubstancethatyoucansmell.Toslowdownthefishysmell,whatisbeyondquestionisthatthelesstimebetweenwhenthefisharecaughtandwhentheyreachthekitchen,thebetter.Buttoday,fishareoftenflownacrosstheglobe.Tokeepsmell-producingbacteriaatbay,thefishmustbefrozenorkeptatthelowtemperaturepossibleassoonastheyarecaughtandcleaned.Controllingfatoxidationcanfunctionaswell,especiallyforfattierfishspecies.Whilefreezingslowsbacterialgrowth,itdoesnotstopfatoxidation.Thisreactionwilloccuraslongasoxygenispresent.Fattyfishareusuallynotfrozenbecause,despitethecoldtemperature,they’regoingtooxidizeprettyfastunlesstheyarestoredinalowoxygencontainer.That’swhythosespeciesareoftencanned.It’salsoimportanttorememberthatsmellisnotalwaysanindicatorofsafety,especiallyinprocessedfishproducts.“Whatyoumightconsiderthefishysmellmaybeadelicacyinanotherculture,”saidCarlA.Batt,aprofessoroffoodscienceatCornellUniversity.8.Whichofthefollowinghasthefishysmell?A.Fishfat.B.TMAO.C.Cadaverine.D.Lysine.9.Whatisthebestwaytoreducethefishysmelloffatfishspecies?A.Dryingthemintheair.B.Storingtheminclosedcontainers.C.Carefullycleaningthem.D.Exposingthemtorichoxygen.10.WhatisCarlA.Batt’sattitudetothefishysmell?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Acceptable.D.Unclear.11.Howisthetextorganized?A.Topic—Example—Conclusion.B.Topic—Comparison—Opinion.C.Question——Cause——Solution.D.Question—Effect—Opinion.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鱼腥味产生的原因以及减少鱼腥味的方法。【8题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Bacteriainfishcanalsochangelysine(赖氨酸)intocadaverine(尸胺),asubstancethat’sassociatedwithbreakingdownthefishoncetheyarecaughtandgivingofffishysmell.(鱼类中的细菌还可以将赖氨酸转化为尸胺，这种物质与鱼类被捕获后分解并散发出腥味有关。)”可知，有鱼腥味的是尸胺。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Thisreactionwilloccuraslongasoxygenispresent.Fattyfishareusuallynotfrozenbecause,despitethecoldtemperature,they’regoingtooxidizeprettyfastunlesstheyarestoredinalowoxygencontainer.That’swhythosespeciesareoftencanned.(只要存在氧气，就会发生这种反应。脂肪鱼通常不会冷冻，因为尽管温度很低，但除非储存在低氧容器中，否则它们会很快氧化。这就是为什么这些物种经常被罐装的原因)”可知，减少肥鱼鱼腥味的最好方法是将它们储存在封闭的容器中。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Whatyoumightconsiderthefishysmellmaybeadelicacyinanotherculture(或许你认为的这种鱼腥味在另一种文化中可能是一种美味)”可知，CarlA.Batt对鱼腥味的态度上客观的。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Howdothefishysmellscomefrom?(鱼腥味是怎么来的？)”提出问题，第二段讲到“Itcanbeseveraldaysfromwhenthefisharecaughttowhentheyreachthesupermarket.(从鱼被捕获到到达超市可能需要几天时间。)”以及第三段讲到“Chemicalreactionscanalsoleadtofishysmells.(化学反应也会产生腥味)”是鱼腥味产生的原因，第四段讲到“Toslowdownthefishysmell,whatisbeyondquestionisthatthelesstimebetweenwhenthefisharecaughtandwhentheyreachthekitchen,thebetter.(为了减缓鱼的腥味，毫无疑问的是，从鱼被捕获到到达厨房的时间越短越好。)”，第五段讲到“Controllingfatoxidationcanfunctionaswell,especiallyforfattierfishspecies.(控制脂肪氧化也可以发挥作用，尤其是对脂肪含量较高的鱼类。)”和第六段讲到“It’salsoimportanttorememberthatsmellisnotalwaysanindicatorofsafety,especiallyinprocessedfishproducts.(同样重要的是要记住，气味并不总是安全的指标，尤其是在加工鱼类产品中。)”是解决方案。可知，这篇文章的组织结构是：问题——原因——解决方案。故选C。DNowadays,peopleareincreasinglyinteractingwithothersinsocialmediaenvironmentswherealgorithmscontroltheflowofsocialinformationtheysee.People’sinteractionswithonlinealgorithmsmayaffecthowtheylearnfromothers,withnegativeconsequencesincludingsocialmisperceptions,conflictandthespreadof misinformation.Onsocialmediaplatforms,algorithmsaremainlydesignedtoamplify(放大)informationthatsustainsengagement,meaningtheykeeppeopleclickingoncontentandcomingbacktotheplatforms.Thereisevidencesuggestingthatasideeffectofthisdesignisthatalgorithmsamplifyinformationpeoplearestronglybiased(偏向的)tolearnfrom.Wecallthisinformation“PRIME”,forprestigious,in-group,moralandemotionalinformation.Inourevolutionarypast,biasestolearnfromPRIMEinformationwereveryadvantageous:Learningfromprestigiousindividualsisefficientbecausethesepeoplearesuccessfulandtheirbehaviorcanbecopied.Payingattentiontopeoplewhoviolatemoralnormsisimportantbecausepunishingthemhelpsthecommunitymaintaincooperation.ButwhathappenswhenPRIMEinformationbecomesamplifiedbyalgorithmsandsomepeopleexploit(利用)algorithmamplificationtopromotethemselves?Prestigebecomesapoorsignalofsuccessbecausepeoplecanfakeprestigeonsocialmedia.Newsbecomefilledwithnegativeandmoralinformationsothatthereisconflictratherthancooperation.Theinteractionofhumanpsychologyandalgorithmamplificationleadstodisfunctionbecausesociallearningsupportscooperationandproblem-solving,butsocialmediaalgorithmsaredesignedtoincreaseengagement.Wecallitfunctionalmismatch.Oneofthekeyoutcomesoffunctionalmismatchisthatpeoplestarttoformincorrectperceptionsoftheirsocialworld,whichoftenoccursinthefieldofpolitics.Recentresearchsuggeststhatwhenalgorithmsselectivelyamplifymoreextremepoliticalviews,peoplebegintothinkthattheirpoliticalin-groupandout-grouparemoresharplydividedthantheyreallyare.Such“falsepolarization”mightbeanimportantsourceofgreaterpoliticalconflict.Sowhat’snext?Akeyquestioniswhatcanbedonetomakealgorithmsfacilitateaccuratehumansociallearningratherthanexploitsociallearningbiases.SomeresearchteamisworkingonnewalgorithmdesignsthatincreaseengagementwhilealsopunishingPRIMEinformation.Thismaymaintainuseractivitythatsocialmediaplatformsseek,butalsomakepeople’ssocialperceptionsmoreaccurate.12.Whataresocialmediaalgorithmstargetedat?AImprovingsocialenvironment.B.GeneratingPRIMEinformation.C.Avoidingsideeffectsofsocialmedia.D.Raisingthemediaplatformclickrate.13.Whydoestheauthorreferto“falsepolarization”inparagraph4?A.Tomakeanassumption.B.Toillustrateaconclusion.C.Toexplainapoliticalissue.D.Topresentanextremecase.14.Accordingtotheauthor,algorithmswillbeimprovedsoasto________.A.boostengagementandregulateamplification B.strengthensociallearninganddeletebiasesC.identifybiasesandpunishPRIMEinformationD.monitormediaplatformsandguaranteeusers’privacy15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.PRIMEinformationmeetswithmisperceptionsB.AlgorithmscontroltheflowofsocialinformationC.SocialmediaalgorithmstwisthumansociallearningD.Onlinealgorithmdesignsfaceunexpectedchallenges【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了社交媒体的算法影响了人类的社交，一些人利用算法放大来推销自己，新闻充斥着负面和道德信息，因此存在冲突而不是合作。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Onsocialmediaplatforms,algorithmsaremainlydesignedtoamplify(放大)informationthatsustainsengagement,meaningtheykeeppeopleclickingoncontentandcomingbacktotheplatforms.(在社交媒体平台上，算法的主要目的是放大维持用户粘性的信息，这意味着它们会让人们点击内容并回到平台上)”可知，社交媒体算法的目标是提高媒体平台点击率。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Oneofthekeyoutcomesoffunctionalmismatchisthatpeoplestarttoformincorrectperceptionsoftheirsocialworld,whichoftenoccursinthefieldofpolitics.Recentresearchsuggeststhatwhenalgorithmsselectivelyamplifymoreextremepoliticalviews,peoplebegintothinkthattheirpoliticalin-groupandout-grouparemoresharplydividedthantheyreallyare.Such“falsepolarization”mightbeanimportantsourceofgreaterpoliticalconflict.(功能不匹配的一个关键结果是人们开始对他们的社会世界形成错误的认知，这种情况经常发生在政治领域。最近的研究表明，当算法有选择地放大更极端的政治观点时，人们开始认为他们的政治内部群体和外部群体的分歧比实际情况更严重。这种“虚假两极分化”可能是更大政治冲突的一个重要来源)”可推知，作者在第4段提到“虚假极化”是为了说明结论。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“SomeresearchteamisworkingonnewalgorithmdesignsthatincreaseengagementwhilealsopunishingPRIMEinformation.Thismaymaintainuseractivitythatsocialmediaplatformsseek,butalsomakepeople’ssocialperceptionsmoreaccurate.( 一些研究团队正在研究新的算法设计，以增加用户粘性，同时惩罚PRIME信息。这可能会维持社交媒体平台所寻求的用户活动，但也会使人们的社会认知更加准确)”可知，算法将得到改进，以提高参与度和调节放大。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nowadays,peopleareincreasinglyinteractingwithothersinsocialmediaenvironmentswherealgorithmscontroltheflowofsocialinformationtheysee.People’sinteractionswithonlinealgorithmsmayaffecthowtheylearnfromothers,withnegativeconsequencesincludingsocialmisperceptions,conflictandthespreadofmisinformation.(如今，人们越来越多地在社交媒体环境中与他人互动，算法控制着他们看到的社交信息流。人们与在线算法的互动可能会影响他们向他人学习的方式，带来负面后果，包括社会误解、冲突和错误信息的传播)”结合文章主要说明了社交媒体的算法影响了人类的社交，一些人利用算法放大来推销自己，新闻充斥着负面和道德信息，因此存在冲突而不是合作。故C选项“社交媒体算法扭曲了人类的社交学习”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TraditionalAmericansummercampsofferyoungpeopleachancetoplaymanysports.Thesecampsmaybeinthemountains.____16____Somecampsteachactivitieslikepaintingormusic.Ortheyteachcomputerprogrammingorforeignlanguages.Childrenatallkindsofcampsmeetnewfriends.Somechildrengotocampduringthedayandreturnhomeatnight.____17____Childrenstayatanovernightcampforbetweenoneandeightweeks.Parentsneedtopay.Childrenfrompoorfamiliesmightnothaveachancetoattendsummercamps.TheFreshAirFundisawell-knownorganization.____18____EachsummeritsendstenthousandpoorchildrentostaywithfamiliesinthecountryortofivecampsinNewYorkState.____19____ManyAmericanwomennowworkoutsidethehome.Workingparentsneedaplacewheretheirchildrencanbecaredforduringthesummerwhentheyarenotinschool.Youngpeoplewholiketheartscanlearnaboutpainting,music,actingorwriting.Campsthatofferprogramsinscienceandenvironmentalstudiesarepopular,too.Therearealsocampsforolderchildrenwholikewildernessadventure.____20____Or,theygorock-climbingorhorse-riding.A.Whatonaresummercamps?B.Othersstayatcampsalldayandallnight.C.Ortheymaybeinthewoods,oratalake.D.Thesecampersusuallytakelongtripsbybicycle. E.Summercampshavebecomeimportanttomillionsoffamilies.F.Peoplearoundthecountrygivemoneytosupporttheorganization.G.Theywillprobablyneverrealizethesignificanceofparticipatinginsummercamps.【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.E20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是传统的美国夏令营，它为年轻人提供了参加多种运动的机会。【16题详解】根据前文“Thesecampsmaybeinthemountains.(这些营地可能在山里)”可知，美国夏令营为年轻人们提供了参加各种运动的机会，此处指出这些营地可能在山里，也有可能在其他的地方。C选项“Ortheymaybeinthewoods,oratalake.(或者他们可能在树林里，或者在湖边)”承接前文，指出这些营地还可以再树林里或者湖边。故选C。【17题详解】根据前文“Somechildrengotocampduringthedayandreturnhomeatnight.(有些孩子白天去露营，晚上回家)”此处指出，夏令营有不同的类型，有的是孩子白天去露营，晚上回家。B选项“Othersstayatcampsalldayandallnight.(其他人整天整夜地呆在营地里)”与前文构成并列机构，指出其他人整天整夜地呆在营地里。故选B。【18题详解】根据前文“TheFreshAirFundisawell-knownorganization.(“新鲜空气基金”是一个著名的组织)”可知，此处指出一个知名的组织——新鲜空气基金组织，后文应该对此组织的建立以及各种活动进行说明。F选项“Peoplearoundthecountrygivemoneytosupporttheorganization.(全国各地的人们都捐钱支持这个组织)”承接前文，提出该组织受到全国各地人们捐钱支持，承接前文。故选F。【19题详解】根据后文“ManyAmericanwomennowworkoutsidethehome.Workingparentsneedaplacewheretheirchildrencanbecaredforduringthesummerwhentheyarenotinschool.(许多美国妇女现在外出工作。工作的父母需要一个地方，当他们的孩子不在学校时，他们可以在夏天照顾他们)”可知，此处指出夏季宿营对很多美国家庭带来的积极影响，即在夏令营中，可以在夏天中照顾孩子们。E选项“Summercampshavebecomeimportanttomillionsoffamilies.(夏令营对数以百万计的家庭来说已经变得非常重要)”引起下文，指出夏令营对美国的诸多家庭来说变得非常重要，符合语境，引起下文。故选E。【20题详解】根据前文“Therearealsocampsforolderchildrenwholikewildernessadventure.(也有适合喜欢野外探险的大孩子的营地)”及后文“Or,theygorock-climbingorhorse-riding.(或者，他们去攀岩或骑马) ”可知，此处指出，针对那些野外探险的大孩子们，他们通常选择骑自行车进行长途旅行，也可以选择其他方式的探险活动，如攀岩或者骑马。D选项“Thesecampersusuallytakelongtripsbybicycle.(这些露营者通常骑自行车长途旅行)”与后文构成并列，thesecampers与前文的olderchildren呼应，通常选择骑自行车进行长途旅行，也可以选择其他方式的探险活动，如攀岩或者骑马。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HearingtheOlympicswerecomingtoVancouver,Idecidedtogoforitsvoluntarywork.I’dforgottenwhatitwasliketoputmyselfouttheretomakefriends.IwasgladIdidn’thaveanyoneIknewwithmebecauseIwouldn’thavemetCallie____21____.Takingtheriskofsittingbyherstarteda____22____.Istillkeepintouchwithher.Asnightfellbeforetheopeningceremonies,IwasstationedoutsidetheMMC.Accentsfromallover____23____myears.Thegamesseemedto____24____thewholeworld.Suddenly,Icouldseepeoplerunningtowardtheharbour.IturnedtoCallie,“Isn’tthatthewaytothetorch(火炬)?”Welookedateachotherandstartedtorun.MyheartpoundedasIsprinted.Theairseemedtobe____25____witheveryone’sexcitement,likeakindofelectricenergypulsingthroughus.I’dneverfelta(n)____26____likeitbefore.Then,fireworks____27____intotheairaboveus.Theirbrightcolorsglitteredagainstthedarksky.Ihad____28____thelightingofthetorchmanytimesonTV,buttoactuallyseeit____29____wasamazing.Whenthelastofthefireworks____30____,therestoodtheOlympictorchunveiled(揭幕)inallits____31____withitsflameslickingatthenightsky.Evennow,Icanstillremembertheheatfromthetorch.Ihadbeenoneofthe____32____MMCstafftowalkunderneathitwhileitburned.Abeacon(灯塔)of____33____forthefuture.Istoodforamomentrightunderit,listeningtothe____34____voicesofmynewfriends,andIknewI’dmadeoneofthebest____35____ofmylife.21.A.otherwiseB.thereforeC.howeverD.instead22.A.conversationB.cooperationC.friendshipD.career23.A.struckB.filledC.blockedD.awoke24.A.dominateB.rebuildC.changeD.unite25.A.chargedB.accompaniedC.connectedD.furnished26.A.wonderB.impactC.atmosphereD.challenge27.A.floodedB.transferredC.releasedD.exploded 28.A.watchedB.advocatedC.soughtD.identified29.A.inparticularB.inpersonC.aswellD.asusual30.A.dieddownB.setoffC.cameoutD.passedby31.A.powerB.reputationC.gloryD.faith32.A.permanentB.professionalC.reliableD.lucky33.A.viewB.hopeC.appealD.aim34.A.excitedB.determinedC.convincingD.astonishing35.A.contributionsB.conclusionsC.decisionsD.evaluations【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.A31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是温哥华奥运会的志愿者，亲眼目睹了火炬的点燃，作者感到自己很幸运，认为做了一生中最好的一个决定。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴身边没有熟人，否则我就不会遇到凯丽了。A.otherwise否则；B.therefore因此；C.however然而；D.instead相反。根据上文“IwasgladIdidn’thaveanyoneIknewwithmebecauseIwouldn’thavemetCallie”可知为虚拟语气，表示“身边没有熟人，否则就不会遇到凯丽了。”故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：冒着坐在她旁边的风险开始了一段友谊。A.conversation对话；B.cooperation合作；C.friendship友谊；D.career事业。根据上文“I’dforgottenwhatitwasliketoputmyselfouttheretomakefriends.(我已经忘了自己出去交朋友是什么感觉了)”故此处指两人成为了朋友，开始了一段友谊。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：各地的口音充斥着我的耳朵。A.struck罢工；B.filled装满；C.blocked阻塞；D.awoke醒来。根据后文“myears”指口音充斥着耳朵，应用fill。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥运会似乎把全世界团结在了一起。A.dominate控制；B.rebuild重建；C.change改变；D.unite团结。根据后文“witheveryone’sexcitement,likeakindofelectricenergypulsingthroughus”描述了大家都很兴奋，可推知奥运会似乎把全世界团结在了一起。故选D。【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：空气中似乎充满了每个人的兴奋，就像一种电能在我们身上脉冲。A.charged负责，充电；B.accompanied陪伴；C.connected连接；D.furnished供应。根据后文“witheveryone’sexcitement”可知，空气中似乎充满了每个人的兴奋，为短语bechargedwith表示“充满”。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有感觉到这样的气氛。A.wonder奇迹；B.impact影响;C.atmosphere氛围；D.challenge挑战。根据上文“witheveryone’sexcitement”可知，大家都很兴奋，故此处表示“我”感受这种气氛，故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，烟花在我们头顶的空中爆炸了。A.flooded淹没；B.transferred转移；C.released释放；D.exploded爆炸。根据上文“fireworks”指烟花爆炸应用动词explode。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在电视上看过很多次火炬的点燃，但真正亲眼看到它是惊人的。A.watched看；B.advocated提倡；C.sought寻找；D.identified识别。根据后文“thelightingofthetorchmanytimesonTV”可知，“我”在电视上观看火炬点燃，故应用动词watch。故选A。29题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我在电视上看过很多次火炬的点燃，但真正亲眼看到它是惊人的。A.inparticular特别地；B.inperson亲自；C.aswell也；D.asusual和往常一样。根据下文“Evennow,Icanstillremembertheheatfromthetorch.Ihadbeenoneofthe12MMCstafftowalkunderneathitwhileitburned.”可知，作者是是MMC的工作人员之一，所以是亲眼看到火炬点燃。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当最后的焰火熄灭时，奥运火炬站在那里，它的火焰舔舐着夜空，展现出它所有的荣耀。A.dieddown熄灭；B.setoff出发；C.cameout出版；D.passedby路过。根据后文“therestoodtheOlympictorch”可知，烟花熄灭了，奥运火炬站在那里。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当最后的焰火熄灭时，奥运火炬站在那里，它的火焰舔舐着夜空，展现出它所有的荣耀。A.power力量；B.reputation名誉；C.glory荣耀；D.faith信念。根据上文“therestoodtheOlympictorch”以及常识可知，火炬代表着荣耀。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我是幸运的MMC工作人员之一，在它燃烧的时候走在它下面。A.permanent永久的；B.professional专业的；C.reliable可靠的；D.lucky幸运的。根据后文“walkunderneathitwhileitburned”可知，可以在火炬燃烧的时候走在它下面，作者感到幸运。故选D。 【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：未来希望的灯塔。A.view观念；B.hope希望；C.appeal呼吁;D.aim目的。根据后文“forthefuture”可知，火炬是未来希望的灯塔。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在火炬下站了一会儿，听着我的新朋友们兴奋的声音，我知道我做出了我一生中最好的决定之一。A.excited激动的；B.determined坚定地；C.convincing令人信服的；D.astonishing惊人的。根据上文“Istoodforamomentrightunderit,listeningtothe”可知，作者是志愿者，和朋友亲眼看到火炬点燃，因此朋友很兴奋。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在火炬下站了一会儿，听着我的新朋友们兴奋的声音，我知道我做出了我一生中最好的决定之一。A.contributions贡献；B.conclusions结论；C.decisions决定；D.evaluations评估。呼应第一段“HearingtheOlympicswerecomingtoVancouver,Idecidedtogoforitsvoluntarywork.(听说温哥华即将举办奥运会，我决定去参加志愿工作)”可知，此处指作者成为志愿者的决定。故选C。第Ⅱ卷第二节:(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenitcomestoaddictivefoodsandfoodswhicharemorethanworthyofbeingspreadalloversocialmedia,Chinesesugarpaintingdeservessometimeinthespotlight.Sugarpaintingis___36___conventionalChineseformoffolkart.Hotliquidsugarisused___37___(create)twodimensionalfigureslikesmallanimals.Sugarartisprettypopular___38___children,butit’sbeautifulenoughtoattractjustaboutanyone.Hotsugarispouredslowlyinathinlinefromasmallspoonontoaflatsurface(usuallymadeofmetal)andtheoutlineofthefigure___39___(draw)witharelativelythickstreamofsugar.Afterthemainoutlineisdone,thinner___40___(support)stringsofsugarareplacedtosupporttheoutlineandfillinthefigureofthebodyina___41___(combine)ofswirls,zig-zagsorotherpatterns.Thewholedesignisheldbyawoodenstick.Customers___42___(traditional)spin(旋转)anarrowonawheel,whichlandsonacertainfigure___43___(inspire)bynatureorwildlifeinformslikeadragon,fish,monkey,dog,birdorflowerbasket.ThisancientSichuanartformmightnotbeascommonasitoncewas,___44___itstillhasthepowertointeresttourists___45___comeacrosstalentedstreetartistsmakingtheseamazingcreations.【答案】36.a37.tocreate38.with39.isdrawn40.supporting 41.combination42.traditionally43.inspired44.but45.who##that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍传统艺术——糖画。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：糖画是中国传统的民间艺术形式。分析句子可知，这里表示“一个中国传统的民间艺术形式”，为泛指概念，应用不定冠词，且conventional为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。【37题详解】考查非谓语。句意：热的液态糖被用来创造像小动物一样的二维图形。分析句子可知，这里考查beusedtodsth表“被用来做某事”，为固定搭配。故填tocreate。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：糖艺术很受孩子们的欢迎，但它足够美丽，几乎可以吸引任何人。分析句子可知，这里表示bepopularwithsb表“受某人欢迎”，为固定搭配。故填with。【39题详解】考查时态语态。句意：热糖从一个小勺子里以细线慢慢倒在一个平坦的表面上（通常由金属制成），用相对较浓的糖流画出图形的轮廓。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，theoutlineofthefigure与draw为被动关系，且由and前ispoured可知，这里也应用一般现在时。故填isdrawn。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：主轮廓完成后，放置更薄的糖支撑线来支撑轮廓，并以漩涡、Z字形或其他图案的组合填充身体的形状。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，supporting表“支撑的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填supporting。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：主轮廓完成后，放置更薄的糖支撑线来支撑轮廓，并以漩涡、Z字形或其他图案的组合填充身体的形状。分析句子可知，冠词a后面应填可数名词单数形式。故填combination。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：传统上，顾客在轮子上旋转箭头，箭头落在某个受自然或野生动物启发的物体上，形状如龙、鱼、猴子、狗、鸟或花篮。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填traditionally。【43题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：传统上，顾客在轮子上旋转箭头，箭头落在某个受自然或野生动物启发的物体上，形状如龙、鱼、猴子、狗、鸟或花篮。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，acertainfigure和inspire为被动关系，再由句意可知，此空应填过去分词作定语。故填inspired。【44题详解】考查连词。句意：这种古老的四川艺术形式可能不像以前那么常见了，但它仍然有力量吸引游客，因为他们遇到了才华横溢的街头艺术家，正在创作这些令人惊叹的作品。分析句子可知，此空前后两句为转折关系，所以这里应用并列连词but。故填but。【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种古老的四川艺术形式可能不像以前那么常见了，但它仍然有力量吸引游客，因为他们遇到了才华横溢的街头艺术家，正在创作这些令人惊叹的作品。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为tourists，为人，在从句中作主语，所以这里应用关系代词who或者that。故填who或者that。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说外卖点餐(orderingmealsonline)在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括:1.你是否经常外卖点餐；2.你对外卖点餐的看法或感受。注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,You’requiterightaboutorderingmealsonlinebeingpopularinChina,especiallyforpeoplewhoaretoobusy(orjusttoolazy)tocook.Ioftenorderfoodonlinewhenmyparentsareatwork,orwhenmyfamilywantstotrysomethingthattastesdifferent.Thebestaboutitisthatit’sconvenient.Onejustneedstoplaceanorderandpayforitonline.Then,steaming-hotfoodarrivesatyourdoorstepwithinanhour.Moreover,therearemanychoices.Wecanorderand tastediversecuisinesfromvariousrestaurants.Ithasalsocreatedmillionsofjobsandboostedthecateringindustry.Doesitsoundattractive?WecangiveitatrywhenyoucometoChina!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim回复一封邮件，介绍中国的外卖点餐。【详解】1.词汇积累在上班：onduty→beatwork推进：push→boost不同的：different→various吸引人的：appealing→attractive尝试：tryit→giveitatry2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Moreover,therearemanychoices.Wecanorderandtastediversecuisinesfromvariousrestaurants. 拓展句：Moreover,therearesomanychoicesthatwecanorderandtastediversecuisinesfromvariousrestaurants.【点睛】[高分句型1]You’requiterightaboutorderingmealsonlinebeingpopularinChina,especiallyforpeoplewhoaretoobusy(orjusttoolazy)tocook.（运用了由who引导的定语从句）[高分句型2]Ioftenorderfoodonlinewhenmyparentsareatwork,orwhenmyfamilywantstotrysomethingthattastesdifferent. （运用了由when连接的状语从句和由that引导的定语从句）[高分句型3]Thebestaboutitisthatit’sconvenient. （运用了由that引导的表语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenDr.Hendersonwasassigning(指定)projectmatesforhispsychologyclass,IsecretlyhopedhewouldpairmewithmybestfriendoratleastaclassmateIcouldhavesomefunwith.Aboveall,Ihopedhewouldn’tassignmetoworkwiththefiercelycompetitive,extremelyseriousfellowwhoalwaysworedarkclothesandapparentlyhadapersonalitytomatch.Asfate(命运)wouldhaveit,Dr.HendersonverydeliberatelymatchedeveryoneinclassandannouncedthatIwouldbeworkingwiththeonepersoninclassIwantedtoavoid.IwentuptomynewteammateandintroducedmyselfHelookedatmeasthoughIweren’tthere.Ifelthe treatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehimfailtogetanAinthecourse.Hewasn’tmeanorrude;hejustgavemetheimpressionthathecoulddowhateverprojectwedreamedupbetterifhediditalone.Needlesstosay,Ididn’tlookforwardtoanentiretermofbeingbrushedoff,butItriedtomakethebestofitanddidn’tsayanythingforfearthatIwouldmakethingsworse.Theprojectrequiredeachteamtodevelopahypothesis(假说),setupanexperimenttotestthehypothesis,dothestatisticalanalysis(数据分析)andpresentthefindings.Whatevergradetheteamreceivedwouldbesharedbybothstudents.WhenmyteammateandImettodiscussourproject,Iwasuneasy.Herewasthischallengingstudentwhohadareputationforconcentrationandgoodgrades—theexactoppositeofme.Iwascompletelyatadisadvantage.Iactuallywantedtodroptheclassatonepoint,butstoppedshortbecauseIdidn’twanttogivehimthesatisfactionofmychickeningoutandgivinguphalfway.Idecidedtosticktoitnomatterwhat.Afterlongdiscussionswesomehowagreedtodoastudyonthementalwell-being(健康)ofteenagers.Iwasn’tsurewhatitmeantexactly,butatleastwehadatopic.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Para1：Westartedtomeetregularlytodrawupourplans.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2：OnedayIgotwordthathewasadmittedtohospitalforaseriousdisease.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph1: Westartedtomeetregularlytodrawupourplans.CompanionasIwasintheproject,Istillhadnosenseofparticipatingintheproject.Myteammatekepthisbrainoccupiedindevelopingthehypothesis,settingupanexperimenttotestit,andrunningthetestsalone,leavingmejuststandingbesidehimasifIwereafool.“Whatadullprojectitis!”Imurmuredtomyself.However,somethingchangedgradually,asIbecameawarewhatthetactile-kinestheticperceptionofspacemeant.Thankstotheintense,fiercelycompetitive,singularlyseriousfellow,thewholeprocedurewentsmoothly,closetothefinalstage.Paragraph2:OnedayIgotwordthathewasadmittedtohospitalforaseriousdisease.Withoutanydelay,Ipackedupmyschoolbag,tookalltheexperimentstatisticsandrushedtothehospital.Seeingthepalefellowwearingpurewhiteclothesinsteadoftheannoyingdarkclothes,Ifeltasenseofsympathyandmercywellingupinmyheart.Withhisguidance,Ifinishedthestatisticalanalysisandpresentedthefindings,ItturnedouttobesuchanamazingandpersuasivestudythatmyteammateandIdidwinthebestgrade.Now,wehavebeenmostreliablecooperativepartnerseversince!【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在一次心理学课程任务中，老师把作者与他最想避开的很有个性的学霸变成了搭档，两人不得不在任务中相互磨合，而作者在任务中也渐入佳境，但是搭档突然住院，在搭档的指导下，作者圆满完成了任务，两人也成为最值得信赖的搭档。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我们开始定期开会制定计划”可知，第一段可描写作者与搭档的磨合，搭档顾自做任务时作者插不上手，但是作者没有退缩，跟着搭档，作者弄明白了他们所进行的任务，也能帮忙了。②由第二段首句内容“有一天我听说他得了重病住进了医院”可知，第二段可描写作者在搭档缺席的情况下，由搭档指导，完美完成任务，并于搭档成为好朋友。2.续写线索：制定计划——看搭档独自做任务——明白任务——任务将近尾声——得知搭档住院——看望搭档——接受指导完成任务——成为最值得信赖的搭档3.词汇激活行为类忙着做某事：beoccupiedindoingsth./bebusydoingsth.冲向：rushto/dashto完成：accomplish/achieve情绪类 使恼怒的：annoying/distressing令人惊讶的：amazing/astonishing【点睛】[高分句型1]CompanionasIwasintheproject,Istillhadnosenseofparticipatingintheproject.（as引导的让步状语从句使用了部分倒装，动名词短语作介词宾语）[高分句型2]However,somethingchangedgradually,asIbecameawarewhatthetactile-kinestheticperceptionofspacemeant.（what引导宾语从句）