资源描述：
《BASICMEASUREMENTSCaltransB我CME年代UREMENTS加州运输局》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、UNIT3BASICMEASUREMENTSJeremyEvans,L.S.PsomasandAssociates,CostaMesaIntroductionPhilipKissuminhisbook,SurveyingPractice,definessurveyingas“theart,scienceandtechnologyofmakingsuchmeasurementsasarenecessarytodeterminetherelativepositionofpointsabove,onorbeneaththesurfaceo
2、ftheearth,ortoestablishsuchpointsinaspecifiedposition.”Thekeytermsintheabovedefinitionareart,science,technologyandmeasurements.Thescienceandtechnologyofsurveyingareeasytorecognize.Thescienceincludesthelawsofmathematicsandphysicsthatsurveyorsuseeverydaywhilemakingmeasur
3、ements.Technologyincludestheinstrumentation,calculationdevices,andmappingtechnologies(CADD)thathavebecomenecessitiesincurrentsurveypractice.Theartofsurveyingisalittlehardertodefine,butincludestheuseofjudgment,gainedthroughexperience,thatallowssurveyorstochoosethetechno
4、logiesandprocedurestodoaprojectcorrectlyandefficiently.Measurementsarethecornerstonesuponwhichthesurveyorbuildsexperience.Withoutathoroughunderstandingofthebasicsurveymeasurements,asurveyorcannotexpecttomoveontothemorecomplicatedtechnicalissuesnorontotheprofessionaliss
5、ues.Thisunitofthetrainingprogramwilldealwiththebasicsurveymeasurementsofdistance,directionandelevation.Theunitwillalsoconcentrateonmeasurementanalysiswhichincludesthestudyoferrorsandhowtheyaffectmeasurements.CaltransLS/LSITVideoExamPreparationCoursePerformanceExpectedo
6、ntheExamsGivensamplemeasurements,determinethemostprobablevalue,thestandarderrorandthestandarderrorofthemean.Giventhestandarderrorforcertainmeasurements,equipment,andprocedures,predicttheoutcomeofasurveyusingthesemeasurements.Explainthedifferencebetweenslopeandhorizonta
7、ldistance.Calculatehorizontaldistancesfromslopedistancesandverticalanglesordifferencesinelevation.Explaintheeffectsofsystematicerrorsindistancemeasurements(i.e.,temperaturecorrection,sagcorrection,etc.)andbeabletocalculatetheirvalue.Explainthefundamentalprinciplesoftap
8、ingandElectronicDistanceMeasurement(EDM)operation.Explainthebasicmethodsandproceduresforusingatheodolite.Explainthedi
