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1、【关键词】集合种群物种生存力最优斑块数自然保护区设计聚集度【英文关键词】metapopulationspeciesviabilitytheoptimalnumberofpatchestheoptimaldesignofnaturereservesthedegreeofaggregation集合种群论文：生境变化对集合种群生存力和最优斑块数的影响【中文摘要】利用元胞自动机模型,模拟研究物种迁移、物种在被破坏的生境上的死亡率、第三类空间关联性和生境破坏对集合种群生存力和最优斑块数的影响。结果表明,对竞争关系的集合种群,在环境最
2、大可持续承载量不变的条件下：(1)迁移死亡率较低时,增加迁移率或降低迁移死亡率的同时提高被斑块破坏的聚集程度,更有利于物种生存；(2)增大扰动区域,最优斑块数减少；(3)提高物种在被破坏斑块上的死亡率,或提高被破坏斑块的聚集程度,最优斑块数增加。对捕食关系的集合种群,在捕食者和两猎物物种共存时有：(1)斑块破坏比例、斑块破坏的聚集度对猎物物种的生存力产生相反的作用—若增加斑块破坏比例不利于某一猎物生存,则提高聚集度对其有利；(2)适当提高适宜斑块的聚集度,对所有物种都有利,若聚集度过高,效果相当于减少了斑块的破坏比例,可能
3、对某些猎物物种不利,但对整体系统有利。以上结论为物种多样性保护和自然保护区设计提供了理论依据。【英文摘要】CellularAutomatasimulationisusedtoinvestigatetheeffectofmigration,speciesmortalityinunsuitablepatches,thethirdtypeofspatialcorrelationandhabitatdestructionpatternontheviabilityofametapopulationanditsoptimalnumbe
4、rofpatches.Wedemonstratethat,forcompetitivemetapopulation,whenthetotalhabitatcarryingcapacityisunchanged:(1)Iffewindividualsarelostinmigration,increasingmigrationrate(ordecreasingmigrationdeathrate)whilethedegreeofaggregationofsuitablehabitatsincreasingwillfavorsp
5、eciespermanence.(2)Increasingdisturbanceareawilldecreasetheoptimalnumberofpatches.(3)Increasingspeciesmortalityinunsuitablepatchesorincreasingthedegreeofaggregationwillincreasetheoptimalnumberofpatches.Forpreymetapopulation.whenthreespeciescoexist:(1)Theeffectofha
6、bitatdestructiononpreypopulationiscontrarytotheeffectofaggregationdegreeofsuitablehabitats-whileincreasinghabitatdestructionisunfavorabletoapreypopulation,increasingthedegreeofaggregationfavorsit.(2)Moderateaggregationdegreeincreasecanimprovemobility,whichfavorsev
7、eryspecies.However,toohighaggregationdegreehasasameeffectofhabitatdestruction,whichisharmfulforsomepreywhilebeneficialtothewholesystem.Theseconclusionsprovideatheoreticalbasistospeciesconservationandtheoptimaldesignofnaturereserves.【目录】生境变化对集合种群生存力和最优斑块数的影响摘要4-5Ab
8、stract5第一章预备知识6-10第二章生境变化对竞争关系的集合种群生存力和最优斑块数的影响10-202.1引言10-112.2模型与模拟方法11-142.3结果与分析14-182.4结论18-20第三章生境变化对捕食关系的集合种群生存力和最优斑块数的影响20-253.1引言203.2模型与模拟方法2
