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1、自考英语(一)重点语法复习(全)一．名词I.名词的种类：专有名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称不可数名词量的表示语：(1)不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。其公式为：数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词(2)各类表单位的形容词片语。(A)物质名词：apiece(suit)ofarmourapiece(slice)ofcakeapiece(sheet)ofpaperacakeofsoapabit(blade)ofgrassapiece(strip)ofland(B)抽象名词awordofabuseapiece(a
2、narticle)offurniture146apieceofjewelryapiece(stick)ofchalkapiece(slice)ofbacon可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词普通名词不可数名词物质名词abit(grain)ofriceabowlofsoupabit(anamount)ofinterest;anitem(abit)ofbusinessanattackoffeverafitofpassionapiece(word)ofadviceapieceofevidenceapiece(anitem
3、)ofinformationapiece(anitem)ofnews;(C)自然现象：aflashoflightening;aboltofthunder;名词种类的表示语：kindof,sortof,typeof,三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a(an)常被省略。之前可加a,the,some,any,etc.Whatkindof(a)pencildidyoubuy?Ihadakindofsuspicionthathewascheating.Ilikethiskindofflower.Ilikeflow
4、ersofthiskind.（置名词后更强调种类）II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则12345一般情况在词尾加-s以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es加-s例词map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-daysclass-classes,146box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishesleaf-leaves,thief
5、-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halveschief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofsparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-citiestoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-HenrysNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoespiano-pianos,photo-
6、photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-soloszero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanosradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoosmediummedia,childchildren,规则123456改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式单复数相同只有复数形式一些集体名词总是用作复数部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）复数形式表示特别含义加-s7表示―某国人‖合成名词单复数同形以-man或-woman
7、结尾的改为-men,-women将主体名词变为复数无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-micesheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,people,policeclass,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,partycusto
8、ms(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)Americans,Australians,146Germans,Greeks,Swedes,EuropeansSwiss,Portuguese,Chinese,JapaneseEn
