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1、2010年BEC高级口语考试素材IdentifytheDifferences：FiveFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences 了解不同：中西文化差异的五种基本模式 1.DifferentCommunicationStyles 不同的交流风格 Thewaypeoplecommunicatevarieswidelybetween,andevenwithin,cultures.Oneaspectofcommunicationstyleislanguageusage.Acrosscultures,somewordsandphrasesareused
2、indifferentways.Forexample,evenincountriesthatsharetheEnglishlanguage,themeaningof"yes"variesfrom"maybe,I'llconsiderit"to"definitelyso,"withmanyshadesinbetween. Anothermajoraspectofcommunicationstyleisthedegreeofimportancegiventonon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationincludesnotonlyfacial
3、expressionsandgestures;italsoinvolvesseatingarrangements,personaldistance,andsenseoftime.Inaddition,differentnormsregardingtheappropriatedegreeofassertivenessincommunicatingcanaddtoculturalmisunderstandings.Forinstance,somewhiteAmericanstypicallyconsiderraisedvoicestobeasignthatafighthasbegun,whil
4、esomeAsian,African,JewishandItalianAmericansoftenfeelthatanincreaseinvolumeisasignofanexcitingconversationamongfriends.Thus,somewhiteAmericansmayreactwithgreateralarmtoalouddiscussionthanwouldmembersofsomeAmericanethnicornon-whiteracialgroups. 2.DifferentAttitudesTowardConflict 对待冲突的态度不同 Somecu
5、lturesviewconflictasapositivething,whileothersviewitassomethingtobeavoided.IntheU.S.,,conflictisnotusuallydesirable;butpeopleoftenareencouragedtodealdirectlywithconflictsthatdoarise.Infact,face-to-facemeetingscustomarilyarerecommendedasthewaytoworkthroughwhateverproblemsexist.Incontrast,inmanyEast
6、erncountries,openconflictisexperiencedasembarrassingordemeaning;asarule,differencesarebestworkedoutquietly.Awrittenexchangemightbethefavoredmeanstoaddresstheconflict. 3.DifferentApproachestoCompletingTasks 采用不同方法去完成任务 Fromculturetoculture,therearedifferentwaysthatpeoplemovetowardcompletingtasks
7、.Somereasonsincludedifferentaccesstoresources,differentjudgmentsoftherewardsassociatedwithtaskcompletion,differentnotionsoftime,andvariedideasabouthowrelationship-buildingandtask-orientedworkshouldgotogether. Wh
