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1、TOEFL95-05阅读真题Mail@liuwenyong.comQuestions13-22TheeffectoftheBabyBoomKeywords:babyboom,economics,birthrates,economy,educatorsOneofthemostimportantsocialdevelopmentsthathelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationwastheeffectofthebabyboomofthe1950'sand1
2、960'sontheschools.Inthe1920's,butespeciallyintheDepressionconditionsofthe1930's,theUnitedStatesexperiencedadecliningbirthrate-everythousandwomenagedfifteentoforty-fourgavebirthtoabout118livechildrenin1920,89.2in1930,75.8in1936,and80in1940.Withthegrowingprosperitybroughtonb
3、ytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit,youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946,106.2in1950and118in1955.Althougheconomicswasprobablythemostimpo
4、rtantdeterminant,itisnottheonlyexplanationforthebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplacedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.Thebabyboomersbeganstreamingintothefirstgradebythemid-1940'sandbecameafloodby1950.Thepublicschoolsystemsuddenlyfounditselfovertaxed.Wh
5、ilethenumberofschoolchildrenrosebecauseofwartimeandpostwarconditions,thesesameconditionsmadetheschoolsevenlesspreparedtocopewiththeflood.Thewartimeeconomymeantthatfewnewschoolswerebuiltbetween1940and1945.Moreover,duringthewarandintheboomtimesthatfollowedlargenumbersofteach
6、erslefttheirprofessionforbetter-payingjobselsewhereintheeconomy.Therefore,inthe1950'sand1960's,thebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem.Consequently,the"custodialrhetoric"ofthe1930'sandearly1940'snolongermadesense;thatis,keepingyouthsagedsixteenandolderoutofthel
7、abormarketbykeepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahighpriorityforaninstitutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildrenagedfivetosixteen.Withthebabyboom,thefocusofeducatorsandoflaymeninterestedineducationinevitablyturnedtowardthelowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsan
8、ddiscipline.Thesystemnolongerhadmuchinterestinofferingnontraditionalnewandextraservicesto
