美国作家霍桑hawthorne

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1、Questions1.WhendoesAmericanRomanticismbegintoflourish?2.WhoisthefirstimportantAmericanwriter?Andwhatishisrepresentativework?3.IshearealAmericanwriter?4.WhoisthefirstAmericannovelist?5.WhendidAmericanRomanticismculminate?6.WhathasNaturebeencalled?7.AndwhathasTheAmericanScholarbeenri

2、ghtlyregarded?8.IsAmericanRomanticismtheformativeperiodofindigenousAmericanliterature?9.AmongtheAmericanRomantics,whodrewfromEmerson’sdoctrine?Andwhoreactedagainsthisdoctrine?10.Whowere“NewEnglandpoets”?11.WhowasforalongtimeperhapsthemostcontroversialandthemostmisunderstoodofAmeric

3、anwriters?霍桑NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)WhatdoyouknowaboutNathanielHawthorne?NathanielHawthorne霍桑(1804-1864)1.Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,mostfamousforhisnovelTheScarletLetter.2.CombinedtheAmericanromanticismwithpuritanmoralism3.Pioneeringpsychologicalnovelist(早期心理小说家4.Hed

4、idn’tagreewiththeoptimismheldbyTranscendentaliststowardshumannature.Hewrotelotsofworksoneverlastingevilsideinhumannature.5.Anti-transcendentalworksfromMelville,Hawthorne,andPoeallcomprisetheDarkRomanticism（阴郁浪漫主义、黑色浪漫主义)ofliteraturepopularduringthistime.Hislife(1)1BorninSalem,Mass.

5、in1804;2WenttoBowdoinCollege(鲍登学院),beingfriendsofLongfellowandFranklinPiercein1821;3Livedinsolitudeandseclusionfrom1825to1837(readwidely,acquaintedwithlocalhistory,andpracticewriting:1sttalein1828;Twice-ToldTalesin1837)Hislife(2)4WorkedastheCustomOfficerinBostonforawhile;latersurve

6、yoftheportofSalem;（1839-1849）5.1841-42，tookpartintheTranscendentalcommunityexperimentinBrookFarm--distasteful5Gatheredhismaterialsbyobservingandlisteningtoothersandwrotehisimmortalworks:MossesfromanOldMansein1846;TheScarletLetterin1850;TheHouseoftheSevenGablesin1851;TheBlithedaleRo

7、mancein1852;TheMarbleFaunin1860.6ConsulinLiverpool,Englandfrom1853—1857;7LatertraveledinItaly8Diedin1864;SalemCustom-HousewhereHawthorneworkedSleepyHollowCemetryinConcord,MassechussettsStatueinSalem,MassechussettsMajorworksFictionFanshawe《范肖》(1828)TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》(1852)Th

8、eHouseofSevenGables《带有七个尖角