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1、TheGrapesofWrath愤怒的葡萄(1940)《TheGrapesofWrath》isanovelpublishedin1939andwrittenbyJohnSteinbeck,whowasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1940andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.SetduringtheGreatDepression,thenovelfocusesonapoorfamilyofsharecroppers,theJoads,drivenfromtheirOklahomahomebydrought,economichardshi
2、p,andchangesintheagricultureindustry.Inanearlyhopelesssituation,partlybecausetheyweretrappedintheDustBowl,theysetoutforCaliforniaalongwiththousandsofother"Okies"insearchofland,jobsanddignity.TheGrapesofWrathisfrequentlyreadinAmericanhighschoolandcollegeliteratureclasses.1929-1932年经济大萧条佃农离家在外的流动工人黄
3、尘地带；灰盆地区陷入，陷进普利策奖《愤怒的葡萄》长篇小说。斯坦培克著。作于1939年。是美国30年代大萧条时期的一部史诗。小说主人公约德刑满被释回家，发现家乡一片荒芜，只得携家乘坐一辆破旧的汽车到西部谋生，在那里的一个农场做工。一家人拼命干活，只能勉强糊口，农场主还不断地压低工资。农工们奋起反抗，举行罢工，警察前来镇压，牧师凯绥同情农工，被武装流氓打死。约德将凶手击毙，只得再次背井离乡。这部作品，反映了广大人民群众对现存社会的日益不满和叛逆精神，具有鲜明的时代特征。为此，斯坦贝克成了“被压迫者的代言人”。在艺术上，再现了30年代大萧条时期的生活，在人物形象的塑造上，强调外部特征，而不是探究
4、微妙的心理，因而他笔下的人物是类型化的而不是个性化的。象征手法和讽刺手法在作品中也得到了很好的运用。IvyandSairyWilsonRoseofSharonRuthieJoad WinfieldJoadFloydKnowlesMuleyGravesAgnesWainwrightTomJoadMaJoadPaJoadUncleJohnGrampaJoadNoahJoadAlJoadJimCasyTomJoad- Thenovel’sprotagonist,andMaandPaJoad’sfavoriteson.Tomisgood-naturedandthoughtful.Eventhoug
5、hhekilledamanandhasbeenseparatedfromhisfamily,hedoesnotwastehistimewithregrets.heearnstheawedrespectofhisfamilymembersaswellastheworkershelaterorganizesintounions.JimCasy- Aformerpreacherwhogaveuphisministryoutofabeliefthatallhumanexperienceisholy.Oftenthemoralvoiceofthenovel,astaunchfriendofTomJo
6、ad,Casyemergesadeterminedorganizerofthemigrantworkers.Andsoon...…TheGrapesofWrathchronicles【叙述】thestoryoftwo“families”:theJoadsandthecollectivebodyofmigrantworkers.AlthoughtheJoadsarejoinedbyblood【血统】,thetextarguesthatitisnottheirgeneticsbuttheirloyalty【忠诚】andcommitment【承诺】tooneanotherthatestablis
7、hestheirtruekinship【亲属关系】.Inthemigrantlifestyleportrayed【描绘】inthebook,thebiologicalfamilyunit,lackingahometodefineitsboundaries【边界】,quicklybecomesathingofthepast,aslifeontheroaddemandsthatnewconnectionsandnewkins
