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1、PresocraticPhilosophy:AVeryShortIntroductionCatherineOsbornePRESOCRATICPHILOSOPHYAVeryShortIntroduction13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship
2、,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiTaipeiTokyoTorontoOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversit
3、yPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork©CatherineOsborne,2004ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)FirstpublishedasaVeryShortIntroduction2004Allrightsreserved.
4、Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganizations.Enquiries
5、concerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataa
6、vailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableISBN13.978–0–19–284094–3.ISBN10.0–19–284094–0.3579108642TypesetbyRefineCatchLtd,Bungay,SuffolkPrintedinGreatBritainbyTJInternationalLtd.,Padstow,CornwallContentsListofillustrationsviiiMapxiTimelinesxi
7、iAnoteonthepronunciationxivIntroductionxv1Lostwords,forgottenworlds12Puzzlesaboutfirstprinciples293Zeno’stortoise514Realityandappearance:moreadventuresinmetaphysics615Heraclitus806Pythagorasandothermysteries977Spindoctorsofthe5thcentury112Epilogue133Furtherreading1
8、36Index141Listofillustrations1Mummycaseportrait5TempleofHeraatmaskofayoungwoman,Agrigento9fromRomanEgypt(1stto©TopFoto.co.uk2ndcenturyad)2Christie’s/Wer