资源描述：
《the october crisis：十月的危机》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、12TheOctoberCrisisAppendixC“TheEventsPreliminarytotheCrisis”(inchronologicalorder-1960to5October1970)I.IntroductionItcanbesaidthattheOctoberCrisispersetookplacefrom5October1970(whenJamesR.Crosswaskidnapped),until28December1970(whenthekidnappersofPierreLaportewerecaptured).Beforethis
2、principalstageoftheCrisis,therewere,however,sevensignificantpreliminarystagesorwavesofterroristactivity.Itisessentialtoappreciatetheseinitialstages,ifoneistounderstandhowandwhythekidnappersactedinOctober1970.II.TheFirstStage–theASIQ,theCLN&theRR(1960-1963,i.e.beforetheFLQ)TheFLQwasf
3、oundedin1963,butuptothattimetherehadalreadybeenconsiderablerevolutionaryandterroristactivityinQuebecandthroughouttheworld.By1960,17Africannationshadobtainedtheirindependencebyrevolution.AsuccessfulMarxistrevolutionhadalsobeencarriedoutinCuba,whichstimulatedsomeyoungQuebecradicalstos
4、eekaworkers’stateinaseparateQuebec.121)InJanuary1957,RaymondBarbeaufoundsthe“L’AllianceLaurentienne”,whichcalledfortheindependenceofQuebec.2)In1960the“Rassemblementpourl’indépendancenationale”(RIN)isformedbyAndréD’Allemagne,PierreBourgaultandAndréFerretti.(TheRINwasveryleftist,aswel
5、lasbeingseparatist.)3)On9August1960,“L’actionsocialistepourl’indépendanceduQuébec”(ASIQ)isfoundedbyRaoulRoy.4)On31October1962,“Lecomitédelibérationnationale”(CLN)isformed.ThefourfoundersareJacquesDésormeau(age25),Jacques(Santiago)LucquesfromChile,aliasJacquesLatour(age26),andtwostud
6、ents,RobertAubin(age24)andPhilippeBernard(age21).TheyeventuallymeldintotheFLQ.5)InNovember1962,24militantsoftheRINwhocallthemselves“Leréseauderésistance”(RR)meetsecretlyandplannon-violentacts(graffitionEnglishsigns).LeRRislatertojointheFLQ.6)On20January1963,MarcelChaput,oneofthefirs
7、tmodernseparatiststotakeastandandanearlymemberoftheRIN,isexpelledfromtheRIN.Twodayslaterhedeclares:“SeveralmembersoftheExecutiveoftheRINwishtoachievetheindependenceofQuebecandtocreateanidealisticsociety,whileIandthosewhofollowmewishtoseparate,butmaintaintheQuebecsocietywehave.”(Mytr
8、anslation,MarcLaure
