Gauge Theories in Particle Physics Vol 1 (Aitchison，Hey).pdf

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1、GRADUATESTUDENTSERIESINPHYSICSSeriesEditor:ProfessorDouglasFBrewer,MA,DPhilEmeritusProfessorofExperimentalPhysics,UniversityofSussexGAUGETHEORIESINPARTICLEPHYSICSAPRACTICALINTRODUCTIONTHIRDEDITIONVolume1FromRelativisticQuantumMechanicstoQEDIANJRAITCHISONDepartmentofPhysicsUniversityofOxfordANTHONY

2、JGHEYDepartmentofElectronicsandComputerScienceUniversityofSouthamptonINSTITUTEOFPHYSICSPUBLISHINGBristolandPhiladelphiaCopyright©2003IOPPublishingLtd.cIOPPublishingLtd2003Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,

3、mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.MultiplecopyingispermittedinaccordancewiththetermsoflicencesissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyunderthetermsofitsagreementwithUniversitiesUK(UUK).BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthis

4、bookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ISBN0750308648LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataareavailableCommissioningEditor:JamesRevillProductionEditor:SimonLaurensonProductionControl:SarahPlentyCoverDesign:VictoriaLeBillonMarketing:NicolaNeweyandVerityCookePublishedbyInstituteofPhysicsPublis

5、hing,whollyownedbyTheInstituteofPhysics,LondonInstituteofPhysicsPublishing,DiracHouse,TempleBack,BristolBS16BE,UKUSOffice:InstituteofPhysicsPublishing,ThePublicLedgerBuilding,Suite929,150SouthIndependenceMallWest,Philadelphia,PA19106,USATypesetinLATEX2byText2Text,Torquay,Devon"PrintedintheUKbyAnton

6、yRoweLtd,ChippenhamCopyright©2003IOPPublishingLtd.ToJessieandtoJean,KatherineandElizabethCopyright©2003IOPPublishingLtd.CONTENTSPrefacetotheThirdEditionPART1INTRODUCTORYSURVEY,ELECTROMAGNETISMASAGAUGETHEORY,ANDRELATIVISTICQUANTUMMECHANICS1QuarksandLeptons1.1TheStandardModel1.2Levelsofstructure:fro

7、matomstoquarks1.2.1Atoms→nucleus1.2.2Nuclei→nucleons1.2.3Nucleons→quarks1.3Thegenerationsandflavoursofquarksandleptons1.3.1Leptonflavour1.3.2Quarkflavour2ParticleInteractionsintheStandardModel2.1Introduction2.2TheYu